{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T09:06:46Z","timestamp":1719911206902},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]],"date-time":"2009-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The purpose of this paper is to propose that the measurement of salivary amylase activity is an effective index to evaluate the stress of a ship navigator for safe navigation training and education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>Evaluation comes from the simulator and actual on\u2010board experiments. The subjects are real captains who have unlimited licenses and cadets who are senior students at Kobe University, navigation course. Stress is evaluated for several situations where a ship navigator makes a lot of decisions, in this case in a narrow passage, entering a port and leaving a port.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>Salivary amylase activity occurs when a ship navigator makes a decision regarding ship handling and collision avoidance. By measuring salivary amylase activity when a student is under duress, cadets' ship\u2010handling training can be evaluated while onboard a vessel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>Future research will develop cross\u2010indices with the salivary amylase activity and other physiological indices (nasal temperature and heart rate variability (R\u2010R interval)), complementary to each other. The salivary amylase activity registers the stress quickly on the spot. Then the nasal temperature and R\u2010R interval registers the trend and the quick response to the stress (mental workload).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>The paper describes an effective index which is useful for evaluating a ship navigator's stress for safe navigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>Ship navigator's skill and cadet's on\u2010board training have been evaluated according to performance and a questionnaire as a quantitative evaluation; moreover, stress is evaluated using salivary amylase activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/17415650911009272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,5]],"date-time":"2009-12-05T12:16:35Z","timestamp":1260015395000},"page":"293-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancing maritime education and training"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Murai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shin\u2010Ichi","family":"Wakida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Fukushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurie C.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b1","unstructured":"Bowditch (1995), The American Practical Navigator, National Geospatial\u2010Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, Ch. 25, pp. 363\u201071."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b2","unstructured":"Deguchi, M., Wakasugi, J., Ikegami, T., Nanba, S. and Yamaguchi, M. (2006), \u201cEvaluation of driver stress using motor\u2010vehicle driving simulator\u201d, IEE of Japan Transactions on Sensors and Micromachine, Vol. 126, pp. 438\u201044."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwata, H. (1988), \u201cQuantitative evaluation of mental work by thermography\u201d, Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 1\u20105.","DOI":"10.9746\/sicetr1965.24.107"},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b4","unstructured":"Kobayashi, H. and Senda, S. (1998), \u201cA study on the measurement of human mental work\u2010load in ship handling using SNS value\u201d, Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation (JIN), Vol. 98, pp. 247\u201055."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b5","unstructured":"Malik, M. (1996), \u201cHeart rate variability\u201d, Circulation, Vol. 93 No. 5, pp. 1043\u201065."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b6","unstructured":"Matsuo, Y., Murai, K., Wakida, S., Miyado, T., Fukushi, K. and Hayashi, Y. (2008), \u201cEvaluation of a navigator's salivary amylase activity by ship handling simulator by ship handling simulator\u201d, Abstract of Annual Conference, Japan Ergonomics Society Kansai Branch."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b7","unstructured":"Murai, K. and Hayashi, Y. (2004), \u201cA few comments on lookout method of ship's bridge teammates by work sampling method\u201d, Abstract of 71st Japan Association of Applied Psychology Annual Conference, p. 83."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b8","unstructured":"Murai, K., Hayashi, Y. and Inokuchi, S. (2004), \u201cA basic study on teammates' mental workload among ship's bridge team\u201d, IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Vol. E87\u2010D No. 6, pp. 1477\u201083."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b9","unstructured":"Murai, K., Hayashi, Y., Stone, L. and Inokuchi, S. (2006), \u201cBasic evaluation of performance of bridge resource teams involved in on\u2010board smart education: lookout pattern\u201d, Review of the Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, No. 3, pp. 77\u201083."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b10","unstructured":"Murai, K., Okazaki, T., Stone, L. and Hayashi, Y. (2007), \u201cA characteristic of a navigator's mental workload based on nasal temperature\u201d, Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 3639\u201043."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b11","unstructured":"Murai, K., Okazaki, T., Mitomo, N., Laurie, S. and Hayashi, Y. (2008), \u201cEvaluation of ship navigator's mental workload using nasal temperature and heart rate variability\u201d, Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 1528\u201033."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b12","unstructured":"Sayers, A. (1973), \u201cAnalysis of heart rate variability\u201d, Ergonomics, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 17\u201032."},{"key":"key2021010504514602700_b13","unstructured":"Swift, A.J.M. (1993), Bridge Team Management \u2013 A Practical Guide, The Nautical Institute, London."}],"container-title":["Interactive Technology and Smart Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/17415650911009272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17415650911009272\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17415650911009272\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T04:51:58Z","timestamp":1609822318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/17415650911009272\/full\/html"}},"subtitle":["Measuring a ship navigator's stress based on salivary amylase activity"],"editor":[{"given":"Reggie","family":"Kwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/17415650911009272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17415650911009272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-5659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-5659","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]]}}}