{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T03:50:30Z","timestamp":1727063430058},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity to the concept of innovation and its various definitions.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>The article reviews the innovation literature and proposes that innovation has been conceptualized either from a process or from an outcome perspective. Also, the authors show that there is a substantive difference between innovation seen in the traditional innovation literature and innovation as conceived in the knowledge management literature.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>The paper proposes a general framework to categorize the existing views of innovation and show that innovation as an outcome has not been clearly defined from a knowledge perspective. To address this gap, the authors develop a new definition of an innovation outcome based on knowledge elements.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>The research lays the groundwork for more comprehensive methods of measuring innovation and innovativeness, which is particularly useful for the study of service innovation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>The framework and definition expand the ability of managers to measure and understand the key factors of innovation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>The research contributes to the literature by developing a comprehensive knowledge\u2010based, outcome\u2010oriented definition of innovation.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271111179299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,5]],"date-time":"2011-11-05T12:09:03Z","timestamp":1320494943000},"page":"928-947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Innovation as a knowledge\u2010based outcome"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Quintane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mitch Casselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sebastian Reiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Petra A.","family":"Nylund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031320475843800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, R., Bessant, J. and Phelps, R. 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