{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T21:53:53Z","timestamp":1720302833171},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>More than 40 years after Rittel and Webber published the first articles on the theory of wicked problems this theory has been applied to a wide range of fields involved in real-world problem solving. Interest in the theory seems greater than ever. This has led to an interest in rethinking the theory. A number of authors do this by imposing interpretations on the theory that are incompatible with each other and with the statements of the theory's authors. We agree that it is time to critically reexamine the theory and rethink what implications it has for design. However, rather than imposing an incompatible interpretation, our approach is see what new conclusions can be drawn from a systematic and critical examination of what Rittel and Webber actually said. This reexamination of their specific claims and arguments is what we calluntangling wicked problems<\/jats:italic>. From this untangling, we derive new conclusions about how designers should tackle wicked problems and how design rationale can aid them in doing so.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s089006041600007x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T08:10:29Z","timestamp":1460967029000},"page":"200-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Untangling wicked problems"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Raymond","family":"McCALL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Burge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203851586","volume-title":"The Universe of Design: Horst Rittel's Theories of Design and Planning","author":"Protzen","year":"2010"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref41","volume-title":"The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action","author":"Sch\u00f6n","year":"1983"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref4","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Proc. ASME 2004 Design Automation Conf","author":"Bracewell","year":"2004"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref35","first-page":"319","article-title":"Co-evolution and evolution in design","volume":"11","author":"Poon","year":"1997","journal-title":"AI In Engineering"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref11","first-page":"B-141","article-title":"Wicked problems","volume":"14","author":"Churchman","year":"1967","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why Horst W.J. Rittel matters","volume":"22","author":"Rith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Design Issues"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref34","volume-title":"Design Rationale: Concepts, Techniques, and Use","author":"Moran","year":"1996"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/58566.59297"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref21","volume-title":"Unintended Consequences of Human Actions","author":"Ermolaeva","year":"2010"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref20","volume-title":"Rationale Management in Software Engineering","author":"Dutoit","year":"2006"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.107813"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref9","volume-title":"6th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition","author":"Burge","year":"2014"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5515-4"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref10","volume-title":"Programming for Design: From Theory to Practice","author":"Cherry","year":"1999"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref43","first-page":"55","article-title":"The nature of design practice and implications for interaction design research","volume":"2","author":"Stolterman","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5822\/978-1-61091-047-7"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2004.06.005"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2013.05.001"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref25","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Proc. 1989 ACM Conf. Human Computer Interaction (CHI 89)","author":"Fischer","year":"1989"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511637"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref44","volume-title":"Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences","author":"Tenner","year":"1997"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref1","first-page":"781","volume-title":"Handbook of Consumer Psychology","author":"Allen","year":"2008"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30998-7_5"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref13","volume-title":"Dialogue Mapping: Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems","author":"Conklin","year":"2006"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2084615"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref30","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Proc. 1990 European Conf. Hypertext: ECHT \u201890. Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","author":"McCall","year":"1990"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref40","first-page":"457","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition","author":"Rogers","year":"2014"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042769"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77583-6"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/p705"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref24","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Design Rationale: Concepts, Techniques, and Use","author":"Fischer","year":"1996"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref31","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proc. 1994 Conf. Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture. Reconnecting: ACADIA \u201994","author":"McCall","year":"1994"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref45","volume-title":"Issues as Elements of Information Systems","author":"Kunz","year":"1970"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30998-7_13"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref12","volume-title":"Wartime Logistics in Afghanistan and Beyond: Analysing Complex Adaptive Systems as Networks and as Wicked Problems","author":"Clemente","year":"2015"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rethinking wicked problems: unpacking paradigms, bridging universes","volume":"10","author":"Conklin","year":"2007","journal-title":"NextD Journal"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0037-9"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMLE.2006.23473212"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref32","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Application of Mini- and Microcomputers in Information, Retrieval and Libraries","author":"McCall","year":"1983"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405730"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref38","first-page":"390","article-title":"On the planning crisis: systems analysis of the \u201cfirst and second generations.\u201d","volume":"8","author":"Rittel","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bedriftskonomen"},{"key":"S089006041600007X_ref18","volume-title":"Wicked Problems, Righteous Solutions: A Catalog of Modern Engineering Paradigms","author":"DeGrade","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S089006041600007X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T20:08:53Z","timestamp":1600459733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S089006041600007X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S089006041600007X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s089006041600007x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]]}}}