{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:00:43Z","timestamp":1740135643472,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>We understand a socio-technical system (STS) as a cyber-physical system in which two or more autonomous parties interact via or about technical elements, including the parties\u2019 resources and actions. As information technology begins to pervade every corner of human life, STSs are becoming ever more common, and the challenge ofgoverning<\/jats:italic>STSs is becoming increasingly important. We advocate a normative basis for governance, whereinnorms<\/jats:italic>represent the standards of correct behaviour that each party in an STS expects from others. A major benefit of focussing on norms is that they provide a socially realistic view of interaction among autonomous parties that abstracts low-level implementation details. Overlaid on norms is the notion of asanction<\/jats:italic>as a negative or positive reaction to potentially any violation of or compliance with an expectation. Although norms have been well studied as regards governance for STSs, sanctions have not. Our understanding and usage of norms is inadequate for the purposes of governance unless we incorporate a comprehensive representation of sanctions.<\/jats:p>We address the aforementioned gap by proposing (i) a sanction typology that reflects the relevant features of sanctions, and (ii) a conceptual sanctioning process model providing a functional structure for sanctioning in STS. We demonstrate our contributions via a motivating scenario from the domain of renewable energy trading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888916000023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T10:52:08Z","timestamp":1458211928000},"page":"142-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Classifying sanctions and designing a conceptual sanctioning process model for socio-technical systems"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis G.","family":"Nardin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Balke-Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nirav","family":"Ajmeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anup K.","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaime S.","family":"Sichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Munindar P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839510050144868"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-562-7.ch079"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-264-0.ch016"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1867713.1867715"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2010.499502"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517328"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74459-7_23"},{"volume-title":"Sociological Studies","year":"1995","author":"Piaget","key":"S0269888916000023_ref75"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castelfranchi C. 2000. Engineering social order. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Engineering Societies in the Agent World (ESAW), 1972, 1\u201318, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44539-0_1"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35545-5_10"},{"volume-title":"Law and Social Norms","year":"2000","author":"Posner","key":"S0269888916000023_ref81"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref84","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences","author":"Radcliffe-Brown","year":"1934"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.06.007"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2012.05.003"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986397"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/798613"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/67.625373"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9387-2"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443330210790102"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref61","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems, SASO 2012, Lyon, France, September 10\u201314, 2012","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674036437","volume-title":"Order Without Law: How Neighbors Settle Disputes","author":"Ellickson","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref12","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Normative Multi-Agent Systems","author":"Broersen","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195110661.003.0014","volume-title":"The Handbook of Crime and Punishment","author":"Nagin","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74459-7_7"},{"volume-title":"The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language","year":"2011","author":"Picket","key":"S0269888916000023_ref76"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref77","unstructured":"Pinninck A. P. d. 2010. Techniques for Peer Enforcement in Multiagent Networks. PhD thesis, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona."},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation","year":"1823","author":"Bentham","key":"S0269888916000023_ref10"},{"volume-title":"Punishment\u2014A Comparative Historical Perspective","year":"2005","author":"Miethe","key":"S0269888916000023_ref64"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref72","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering Societies in the Agents World (ESAW)","author":"Pasquier","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.02.005","article-title":"Governing the transition of socio-technical systems: a case study of the development of smart grids in Korea","volume":"45","author":"Mah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-2010-0477","article-title":"Norm internalization in artificial societies","volume":"23","author":"Andrighetto","year":"2010","journal-title":"AI Communications"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref56","first-page":"1043","volume-title":"ECAI-21st European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Prague","author":"Kalia","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref44","unstructured":"Harper D. 2010. Online Etymology Dictionary. http:\/\/www.etymonline.com."},{"volume-title":"The Penal System: An Introduction","year":"2002","author":"Cavadino","key":"S0269888916000023_ref20"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref32","first-page":"381","volume-title":"4th International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS), Boston","author":"Esteva","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2014.08.004"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref94","first-page":"414","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Villatoro","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-1994-7104","article-title":"Case-based reasoning; foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches","volume":"7","author":"Aamodt","year":"1994","journal-title":"AI Communications"},{"volume-title":"Service-Oriented Computing: Semantics, Processes, Agents","year":"2005","author":"Singh","key":"S0269888916000023_ref91"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref2","unstructured":"Andrighetto G. & Villatoro D. 2011. Beyond the carrot and stick approach to enforcement: an agent-based model. In European Perspectives on Cognitive Sciences, Kokinov, B., Karmiloff-Smith, A. & Nersessian, N. J. (eds), pp. 1\u20136. New Bulgarian University Press."},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref39","first-page":"1282","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"Giardini","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9895-8.50006-6"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref31","unstructured":"Energy Policy Act 1992. Pub. l. 102-486, 106 stat. 2776."},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2374109"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444320114"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Normative Multi-Agent Systems","author":"Balke","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-010-9149-y"},{"volume-title":"An Essay on Crimes and Punishments","year":"1819","author":"Beccaria","key":"S0269888916000023_ref9"},{"volume-title":"The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms","year":"2006","author":"Bicchieri","key":"S0269888916000023_ref11"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso H. L. & Oliveira E. 2009. Adaptive deterrence sanctions in a normative framework. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2, 36\u201343, IEEE Computer Society.","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2009.123"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89437-7_4"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3233\/WIA-2011-0224","article-title":"Social control in a normative framework: an adaptive deterrence approach","volume":"9","author":"Cardoso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Web Intelligence and Agent Systems"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.2.284"},{"volume-title":"Sociology of Deviant Behavior","year":"2008","author":"Clinard","key":"S0269888916000023_ref23"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/sej.1991.0031"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2012.10.001"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1159-5"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85834-8_23"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref25","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"26","author":"Criado","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref60","first-page":"576","volume-title":"ECAI-20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Montpellier, France","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10892-008-9040-0"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0145(06)01013-0"},{"year":"2003","key":"S0269888916000023_ref29"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44682-6_8"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref36","first-page":"1252","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Law and Society: American and Global Perspectives","author":"Gabriel","year":"2007"},{"volume-title":"Punishment and Responsibility","year":"1968","author":"Hart","key":"S0269888916000023_ref45"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref68","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems-Volume 1, (AAMAS)","author":"Modgil","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajj\/46.1.199"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref51","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Huynh","year":"2004"},{"volume-title":"Black\u2019s Law Dictionary","year":"2010","author":"Garner","key":"S0269888916000023_ref38"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39829-2_10"},{"volume-title":"The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalisation of Society","year":"1984","author":"Habermas","key":"S0269888916000023_ref43"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16178-0_6"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2011.85"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref83","unstructured":"PowerTAC. 2010. Power Trading Agent Competition. http:\/\/www.powertac.org."},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houwing M. , Heijnen P. W. & Bouwmans I. 2006. Socio-technical complexity in energy infrastructures conceptual framework to study the impact of domestic level energy generation, storage and exchange. In IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2, 906\u2013911.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2006.384515"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/12\/8\/083005"},{"volume-title":"Designing Economic Mechanism","year":"2008","author":"Hurwicz","key":"S0269888916000023_ref50"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref54","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Deontic Logic in Computer Science","author":"Jones","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488501000831"},{"volume-title":"Metaphysical Elements of Justice: Part I of the Metaphysics of Morals","year":"1999","author":"Kant","key":"S0269888916000023_ref57"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8188(99)00013-7"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref58","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Mexican International Conference on Computer Science","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020691116541"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref62","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Updating the study of punishment","volume":"56","author":"Meares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stanford Law Review"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref19","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Multi Agent Systems (ICMAS)","author":"Castelfranchi","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.08.080182.000343"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref65","first-page":"1653","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems","author":"Miles","year":"2015"},{"volume-title":"Utilitarianism","year":"1871","author":"Mill","key":"S0269888916000023_ref66"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2089098"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref70","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Trust, Reputation, and Security: Theories and Practice, AAMAS International Workshop, Bologna, Italy, July 15, 2002, Selected and Invited Papers","author":"Mui","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-009-9107-8"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-011-9277-z"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref86","first-page":"3","article-title":"Repage: REPutation and imAGE among limited autonomous partners","volume":"9","author":"Sabater-Mir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation"},{"volume-title":"The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis","year":"1938","author":"Skinner","key":"S0269888916000023_ref92"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/844331.844337"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1598934"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2542182.2542203"},{"key":"S0269888916000023_ref90","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Normative Multi-Agent Systems","author":"Singh","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0269888916000023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T02:13:17Z","timestamp":1718417597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0269888916000023\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0269888916000023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0269888916000023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-8889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}