{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T05:27:31Z","timestamp":1725773251981},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia","award":["LR11ES4"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T02:54:26Z","timestamp":1574218466000},"page":"213-223","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"special_numbering":"C","title":["DELP-DAR system for license plate detection and recognition"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zied","family":"Selmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3224-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ben","family":"Halima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Umapada","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0642-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Adel","family":"Alimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2012.2203741","article-title":"Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR): a stateofthe-art review","volume":"23.2","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0002","article-title":"An efficient method of license plate location","volume":"26.15","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0003","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","article-title":"A morphological-based license plate location","volume":"1","author":"Faradji","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering","article-title":"License plate extraction based on vertical edge detection and mathematical morphology","author":"YQiu","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","article-title":"License plate localization based on edge-geometrical features using morphological approach","author":"Tan","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2012.09.015","article-title":"A vehicle license plate detection method using region and edge based methods","volume":"39.3","author":"Lalimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.02.201","article-title":"An improved license plate location method based on edge detection","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2631901","article-title":"A robust and efficient approach to license plate detection.","volume":"26.3","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0009","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications","article-title":"Automatic license plate recognition system based on color image processing","author":"Shi","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0010","series-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International IEEE Conference on","article-title":"License plate tracking for car following with a single camera","author":"Zayed","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0011","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems","article-title":"Mean shift for accurate license plate localization","author":"Jia","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0012","article-title":"A hybrid license plate extraction method based on edge statistics and morphology null","author":"Hongliang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0013","series-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on AINA","article-title":"Multiple license plate detection for complex background advanced information networking and applications","volume":"2","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0014","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","article-title":"Learning-based license plate detection using global and local features","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0015","series-title":"License Plate Detection Using adaboost","author":"Dlagnekov","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.897251","article-title":"A cascade framework for a realtime statistical plate recognition system","volume":"2.2","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.06.008","article-title":"Operator context scanning to support high segmentation rates for real time license plate recognition","volume":"43.11","author":"Giannoukos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2267054","article-title":"Component-Based license plate detection using conditional random field model","volume":"14.4","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ieee Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology","article-title":"Vehicle plate recognition for wireless traffic control and law enforcement system","author":"Alegria","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Vehicle Electronics Conference","article-title":"Character extraction method without prior knowledge on size and position information","author":"Hontani","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-011-0033-9","article-title":"License plate extraction method for identification of vehicle violations at a railway level crossing","volume":"12.2","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Autom. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks","article-title":"Car license plate recognition with neural networks and fuzzy logic","volume":"5","author":"Nijhuis","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Sustainable Utilization And Development In Engineering And Technology (STUDENT)","article-title":"Detection of license plate characters in natural scene with MSER and SIFT unigram classifier sustainable utilization and development in engineering and technology (STUDENT)","author":"Lim","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0024","series-title":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 1991. Gateway to the Future Technology in Motion","article-title":"Development of vehicle-license number recognition system using real-time image processing and its application to traveltime measurement","author":"Kanayama","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2006.880641","article-title":"A license plate-recognition algorithm for intelligent transportation system applications","volume":"7.3","author":"Anagnostopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the Intelligent Transportation Systems","article-title":"Detection and recognition of license plate characters with different appearances","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capar, A., and M. Gokmen. Concurrent segmentation and recognition with shape-driven fast marching methods null. IEEE, 2006.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.400"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2496545","article-title":"Vehicle license plate recognition based on extremal regions and restricted Boltzmann machines","volume":"17.4","author":"Gou","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2226218","article-title":"Applicationoriented license plate recognition","volume":"62.2","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0030","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Geometric Modeling and Graphics","article-title":"Saudi Arabian license plate recognition system","author":"Sarfraz","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance","article-title":"A real time vehicle's license plate recognition system","author":"Rahman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0032","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Signal Processing Society Workshop Neural Networks for Signal Processing","article-title":"Learning-based approach for license plate recognition","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0033","series-title":"Proceedings of the Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis","article-title":"Car license plates extraction and recognition based on connected components analysis and hmm decoding","author":"Llorens","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.08.016","article-title":"A configurable method for multi-style license plate recognition","volume":"42.3","author":"Jiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)00094-3","article-title":"Recognition of handwritten numerals with multiple feature and multistage classifier","volume":"28.2","author":"Cao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0036","first-page":"9094","article-title":"A method of combining multiple experts for the recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals","volume":"17.1","author":"Huang","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0037","series-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","article-title":"End-to-end text recognition with convolutional neural networks","author":"Wang","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0038","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision","article-title":"Deep features for text spotting","author":"Jaderberg","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0039","series-title":"Proceedings of the 30th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI).","article-title":"Real-time brazilian license plate detection and recognition using deep convolutional neural networks","author":"Silva","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0040","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)","article-title":"Robust license plate detection in the wild","author":"Hsu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2696-2","article-title":"Vehicle license plate detection using region-based convolutional neural networks","volume":"22.19","author":"Rafique","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0042","unstructured":"Li, H., and C. Shen. Reading car license plates using deep convolutional neural networks and LSTMs, (2016), arXiv:1601.05610."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0043","article-title":"Segmentation-and annotation-free license plate recognition with deep localization and failure identification","volume":"18.9","author":"Bulan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0044","first-page":"507","article-title":"A new CNN-Based method for multi-directional car license plate detection","volume":"19.2","author":"LXie","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0045","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","article-title":"Deep learning system for automatic license plate detection and recognition","volume":"1","author":"Selmi","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward end-to-end car license plate detection and recognition with deep neural networks","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0047","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Tenth International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (ICACI)","article-title":"Robust license plate detection using profile-based filter","author":"He","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0048","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","article-title":"Mask r-cnn","author":"He","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0049","article-title":"Faster r-cnn: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0050","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","article-title":"Fast R-CNN","author":"Girshick","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0051","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","article-title":"Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision","author":"Szegedy","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0052","unstructured":"Ramachandran, P., B. Zoph, and Q. V. Le. Swish: a self-gated activation function, 7 (2017) arXiv:1710.05941."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0053","unstructured":"Caltech plate dataset. [Online]. Available:http:\/\/www.vision.caltech.edu\/html-files\/ararchive.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.12.038","article-title":"Tunisian license plate number recognition","volume":"73","author":"Ktata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2199506","article-title":"Principal visual word discovery for automatic license plate detection","volume":"21.9","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2267054","article-title":"Component-Based license plate detection using conditional random field model","volume":"14.4","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0057","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Sustainable Utilization and Development in Engineering and Technology (STUDENT)","article-title":"Detection of license plate characters in natural scene with MSER and SIFT unigram classifier","author":"Lim","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0058","series-title":"ICDAR 2003 Robust Reading competitions","author":"Lucas","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0059","article-title":"Character recognition in natural images","author":"De Campos","year":"2009","journal-title":"VISAPP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.08.016","article-title":"A configurable method for multi-style license plate recognition","volume":"42.3","author":"Jiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2006.880641","article-title":"A license plate-recognition algorithm for intelligent transportation system applications","volume":"7.3","author":"Anagnostopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167865519303216?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167865519303216?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,16]],"date-time":"2020-02-16T10:56:04Z","timestamp":1581850564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167865519303216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0167865519303216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8655","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"DELP-DAR system for license plate detection and recognition","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pattern Recognition Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}