{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T06:38:03Z","timestamp":1726036683907},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Data & Knowledge Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]],"date-time":"2017-11-28T09:30:17Z","timestamp":1511861417000},"page":"129-154","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A Guidelines framework for understandable BPMN models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Flavio","family":"Corradini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Fornari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Gnesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Polini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giorgio O.","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WM. van der Aalst. Workflow verification: finding control-flow errors using petri-net-based techniques, in: Business Process Management, LNCS, 1806, Springer, 2000, pp. 161\u2013183.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45594-9_11"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib2","unstructured":"T. Allweyer, BPMN 2.0 - Business Process Model and Notation: Einf\u00fchrung in den Standard f\u00fcr die Gesch\u00e4ftsprozessmodellierung. Books on Demand, 2009."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1108\/14637151011076485","article-title":"A heuristic method for detecting problems in business process models","volume":"16","author":"Barjis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bus. Process Manag. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Becker, M. Rosemann, C. von Uthmann, Guidelines of business process modeling, in: Business Process Management, LNCS, 1806, Springer, 2000. pp. 30\u201349.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45594-9_3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Bernstein, P. Soffer, How does it look? Exploring meaningful layout features of process models, in: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Springer, LNBIP, 215, 2015, pp. 81\u201386.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19243-7_7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib6","unstructured":"E. Bosshart, M. M\u00e4rki, B. Rigert, N. Sp\u00f6cker, C. Tanner, eCH-0158 BPMN- Modellierungskonventionen f\u00fcr die \u00f6ffent-liche Verwaltung 2014."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib7","first-page":"213","article-title":"Control-flow complexity measurement of processes and weyuker's properties","volume":"1","author":"Cardoso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Math. Comput. Phys. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Cardoso, J. Mendling, G. Neumann, H.A. Reijers, A discourse on complexity of process models, in: Business Process Management Workshops, Springer, LNCS, 4103, 2006, pp .117\u2013128.","DOI":"10.1007\/11837862_13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Claes, I. Vanderfeesten, H.A. Reijers, J. Pinggera, M. Weidlich, S. Zugal, D. Fahland, B. Weber, J. Mendling, G. Poels, Tying process model quality to the modeling process: the impact of structuring, movement, and speed, in: International Conference on Business Process Management, Springer, LNCS, 7481, 2012, pp. 33\u201348.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32885-5_3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Cognini, F. Corradini, S. Gnesi, A. Polini, B. Re, Business process flexibility - a systematic literature review with a software systems perspective. Information Systems Frontiers - In Press, 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-016-9678-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib11","series-title":"Investigating Layout Complexity. Tech. rep","author":"Comber","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib12","unstructured":"F. Corradini, A. Ferrari, F. Fornari, S. Gnesi, A. Polini, B. Re, G. Spagnolo, Quality assessment strategy: Applying business process understandability guidelines for learning. Tech. Rep. 4.1, ISTI-CNR, University of Camerino, Italy, 2015 http:\/\/puma.isti.cnr.it\/linkdoc.php?Idauth=1&idcol=1&icode=2015-TR-034&authority=cnr.isti&collection=cnr.isti&langver=it."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib13","series-title":"Business Process Modelling with ARIS: A Practical Guide","author":"Davis","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Dumas M. La Rosa J. Mendling R. M\u00e4esalu H.A. Reijers N. Semenenko, Understanding business process models: the costs and benefits of structurednes, in: Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 7328, Springer, LNCS, 2012, pp. 31\u201346.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31095-9_3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib15","series-title":"Fundamentals of Business Process Management","author":"Dumas","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2009.04.008","article-title":"Guidelines on the aesthetic quality of UML class diagrams","volume":"51","author":"Eichelberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-016-0460-2","article-title":"Comprehension of procedural visual business process models - A literature review","volume":"59","author":"Figl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2015.05.007","article-title":"Influence factors for local comprehensibility of process models","volume":"82","author":"Figl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib19","unstructured":"K. Figl, M. Strembeck, Findings from an experiment on flow direction of business process models, in: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, LNI, 248, 2015, pp. 59\u201373."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2010.08.009","article-title":"Cognitive effectiveness of visual instructional design languages","volume":"21","author":"Figl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vis. Lang. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib21","first-page":"312","article-title":"The influence of notational deficiencies on process model comprehension","volume":"14","author":"Figl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.10.037","article-title":"A study on the effects of routing symbol design on process model comprehension","volume":"54","author":"Figl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.B. Gassen, J. Mendling, L.H. Thom, J.P.M. de Oliveira, Towards guiding process modelers depending upon their expertise levels, in: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Springer, LNBIP, 215, 2015, pp. 69\u201380.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19243-7_6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Genon P. Heymans D. Amyot Analysing the Cognitive Effectiveness of the BPMN 2.0 Visual Notation, in: Software Language Engineering, 6563, Springer LNCS, 2011, pp. 377\u2013396.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19440-5_25"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib25","unstructured":"V. Gruhn, R. Laue, Complexity metrics for business process models, in: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on business information systems, Lecture Notes in Informatics, 85, 2006, pp. 1\u201312."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Gruhn, R. Laue, Reducing the cognitive complexity of business process models, in: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, IEEE, 2009, pp. 339\u2013345.","DOI":"10.1109\/COGINF.2009.5250717"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2013.11.002","article-title":"A linear time layout algorithm for business process models","volume":"25","author":"Gschwind","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Lang. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Haisjackl, J. Pinggera, P. Soffer, S. Zugal, S.Y. Lim, B. Weber, Identifying quality issues in BPMN models: an exploratory study, in: International Conference on Enterprise, Business- Process and Information Systems Modeling, Springer, LNBIP, 214, 2015, pp. 217\u2013230.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19237-6_14"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Heggset, J. Krogstie, H. Wesenberg, Ensuring quality of large scale industrial process collections: Experiences from a case study, in: IFIP Working Conference on The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, Springer, LNBIP, 197, 2014, pp. 11\u201325.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45501-2_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib30","unstructured":"C. Houy, P. Fettke, P. Loos, On the theoretical foundations of research into the understandability of business process models, in: 22st European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2014, Tel Aviv, Israel, June 9-11, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Indulska P. Green J. Recker M. Rosemann Business Process Modeling: perceived Benefits, in: Conceptual Modeling, 5829, Springer LNCS, 2009, pp. 458\u2013471.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04840-1_34"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib32","series-title":"Business Process Management","author":"Jeston","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib33","unstructured":"F. Johannsen, S. Leist, D. Braunnagel, Testing the impact of wand and weber\u2019s decomposition model on process model understandability, in: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Information Systems, 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3615(01)00151-8","article-title":"Business process modelling in industry-the powerful tool in enterprise management","volume":"47","author":"Kalpic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib35","unstructured":"W. Khlif, L. Makni, N. Zaaboub, H. Ben-Abdallah, Quality metrics for business process modeling, in: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applied Computer Science, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, 2009, pp. 195\u2013200."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib36","series-title":"Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. Tech. rep","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib37","unstructured":"K. Kluza, G.J. Nalepa, Proposal of square metrics for measuring business process model complexity, in: Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, IEEE, 2012, pp. 919\u2013922."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib38","unstructured":"K. Kluza, M. Baran, S. Bobek, G.J. Nalepa, Overview of Recommendation Techniques in Business Process Modeling*. Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Kluza, G.J. Nalepa, J. Lisiecki, Square complexity metrics for business process models, in: Advances in Business ICT, AISC, 257, Springer, 2014, pp. 89\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03677-9_6"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib40","article-title":"Process anti-patterns: how to avoid the common traps of business process modeling","volume":"10","author":"Koehler","year":"2007","journal-title":"IBM WebSphere Dev. Tech. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Koschmider, M. Ullrich, A. Heine, A. Oberweis, Revising the vocabulary of business process element labels, in: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Springer, LNCS, 9097, 2015, pp. 69\u201383.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19069-3_5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Krogstie, Quality of business process models, in: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, no. 134 in LNBIP, Springer, 2012, pp. 76\u201390.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34549-4_6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Krogstie, SEQUAL as a Framework for Understanding and Assessing Quality of Models and Modeling Languages. Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition 2015.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-5888-2.ch154"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000598","article-title":"Process models representing knowledge for action: a revised quality framework","volume":"15","author":"Krogstie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2016.04.004","article-title":"Enhancing understandability of process models through cultural-dependent color adjustments","volume":"87","author":"Kummer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib46","unstructured":"M. Kunze, P. Berger, M. Weske, BPM academic initiative - fostering empirical research, in: BPM (Demos), Tallinn, Estonia, 2012, pp. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2011.2124467","article-title":"Managing process model complexity via concrete syntax modifications","volume":"7","author":"La Rosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.08.005","article-title":"Complexity metrics for Workflow nets","volume":"51","author":"Lassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib49","series-title":"Finding a Complexity Measure for Business Process Models. Tech. rep","author":"Latva-Koivisto","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2011.04.003","article-title":"Visual suggestions for improvements in business process diagrams","volume":"22","author":"Laue","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis. Lang. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Laue, W. Koop, V. Gruhn, Indicators for open issues in business process models, in: International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Springer, LNCS, 9619, 2016, pp. 102\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30282-9_7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Leopold, S. Smirnov, J. Mendling, Refactoring of process model activity labels, in: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, Springer, LNCS, 6177, 2010, pp. 268\u2013276.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13881-2_28"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2012.01.004","article-title":"On the refactoring of activity labels in business process models","volume":"37","author":"Leopold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2013.06.014","article-title":"Detection of naming convention violations in process models for different languages","volume":"56","author":"Leopold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2015.81","article-title":"What we can learn from Quality Issues of BPMN Models from Industry","volume":"33","author":"Leopold","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib56","unstructured":"H. Leopold, J. Mendling, O. G\u00fcnther, Learning from quality issues of BPMN models from industry, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Enterprise Modeling and Information Systems Architectures, Vienna, Austria, 2016, pp. 36\u201339."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Leopold, F. Pittke, J. Mendling, Ensuring the canonicity of process models. Data&Knowledge Engineering - 2017, In Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.03.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Melcher, D. Seese, Towards validating prediction systems for process understandability: Measuring process understandability, in: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, 2008, pp. 564\u2013571.","DOI":"10.1109\/SYNASC.2008.24"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Melcher, J. Mendling, H.A. Reijers, D. Seese, On measuring the understandability of process models, in: Business Process Management Workshops, Springer, LNBIP, 43, 2010, pp. 465\u2013476.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12186-9_44"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib60","series-title":"Metrics for Business Process Models, LNBIP","volume":"6","author":"Mendling","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib61","unstructured":"J. Mendling, J.C. Recker, Towards systematic usage of labels and icons in business process models, in: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Exploring Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Design June 16-17, 2008, Montpellier, France, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib62","unstructured":"J. Mendling, H.A. Reijers, The impact of activity labeling styles on process model quality, in: SIGSAND-EUROPE, 2008, pp. 117\u2013128."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Mendling, M. Strembeck, Influence factors of understanding business process models, in: Business Information Systems, Springer, LNBIP, 7, 2008, pp. 142\u2013153.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79396-0_13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Mendling, G. Neumann, W. Van Der Aalst, Understanding the occurrence of errors in process models based on metrics, in: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, LNCS, 4803, Springer, 2007a, pp. 113\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76848-7_9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Mendling, H.A. Reijers, J. Cardoso, What makes process models understandable? in: Business Process Management, Springer, LNCS, 4714, 2007b, pp. 48\u201363.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75183-0_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2007.06.019","article-title":"Detection and prediction of errors in EPCs of the SAP reference model","volume":"64","author":"Mendling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Data Knowl. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4018\/jismd.2010040103","article-title":"On the usage of labels and icons in business process modeling","volume":"1","author":"Mendling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Syst. Model. Des."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2009.08.004","article-title":"Seven process modeling guidelines (7pmg)","volume":"52","author":"Mendling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2009.03.009","article-title":"Activity labeling in process modeling: empirical insights and recommendations","volume":"35","author":"Mendling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.01.017","article-title":"Thresholds for error probability measures of business process models","volume":"85","author":"Mendling","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.12.013","article-title":"Factors of process model comprehension-findings from a series of experiments","volume":"53","author":"Mendling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib72","unstructured":"D.L. Moody, G. Sindre, T. Brasethvik, A. S\u00f8lvberg, Evaluating the quality of process models: Empirical testing of a quality framework,. in: International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Springer, LNCS, 2503, 2002, pp. 380\u2013396."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3923\/itj.2010.1336.1344","article-title":"A survey of business process complexity metrics","volume":"9","author":"Muketha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib74","unstructured":"I. Moreno de Oca, M. Snoeck, Pragmatic guidelines for business process modeling. Technical Report 2592983, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.07.011","article-title":"A systematic literature review of studies on business process modeling quality","volume":"58","author":"Moreno de Oca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib76","unstructured":"OMG, Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN V 2.0), 2011."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-012-0230-8","article-title":"Quality marks, metrics, and measurement procedures for business process models","volume":"4","author":"Overhage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2016.07.003","article-title":"Task-specific visual cues for improving process model understanding","volume":"79","author":"Petrusel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Pittke, H. Leopold, J. Mendling, Spotting terminology deficiencies in process model repositories, in: Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling, Springer, LNBIP, 147, 2013, pp. 292\u2013307.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38484-4_21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Pittke, H. Leopold, J. Mendling, When language meets language: Anti patterns resulting from mixing natural and modeling language, in: International Conference on Business Process Management - Workshops, Springer, LNBIP, 202, 2014, pp. 118\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15895-2_11"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2015.2396895","article-title":"Automatic detection and resolution of lexical ambiguity in process models","volume":"41","author":"Pittke","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1006\/jvlc.2002.0232","article-title":"Metrics for graph drawing aesthetics","volume":"13","author":"Purchase","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vis. Lang. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Reggio, M. Leotta, F. Ricca, \u201cPrecise is better than light\u201d a document analysis study about quality of business process models, in: International Workshop on Empirical Requirements Engineering, IEEE, 2011, pp. 61\u201368.","DOI":"10.1109\/EmpiRE.2011.6046257"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2087017","article-title":"A study into the factors that influence the understandability of business process models","volume":"41","author":"Reijers","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A: Syst. Hum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.A. Reijers, J. Mendling, Modularity in process models: Review and effects, in: International Conference on Business Process Management, Springer, LNCS, 5240, 2008, pp. 20\u201335.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85758-7_5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.A. Reijers, I.T. Vanderfeesten, Cohesion and coupling metrics for workflow process design, in: International Conference on Business Process Management, LNCS, 3080, Springer, 2004, pp. 290\u2013305.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25970-1_19"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib87","unstructured":"H.A. Reijers, J. Mendling, R. Dijkman, On the usefulness of subprocesses in business process models. Tech. rep., Eindhoven - BPMcenter.org. 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2010.12.013","article-title":"Syntax highlighting in business process models","volume":"51","author":"Reijers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.A. Reijers, J. Mendling, J. Recker, Business Process Quality Management, in: Handbook on Business Process Management 1, Springer, 2015, pp. 167\u2013185.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45100-3_8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Reynoso E. Rol\u00f3n M. Genero F. Garc\u00eda F. Ruiz M. Piattini Formal Definition of Measures for BPMN Models, in: Software Process and Product Measurement, 5891, Springer LNCS, 2009, pp. 285\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05415-0_21"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.19153\/cleiej.9.1.5","article-title":"Applying software metrics to evaluate business process models","volume":"9","author":"Rol\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"CLEI-Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib92","first-page":"383","article-title":"Prediction models for BPMN usability and maintainability","author":"Rol\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez, F. Garc\u00eda, J. Mendling, F. Ruiz, Quality assessment of business process models based on thresholds, in: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, LNCS, 6426, Springer, 2010, pp. 78\u201395.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16934-2_9"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1108\/14637151011017976","article-title":"Measurement in business processes: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"S\u00e1nchez Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bus. Process Manag. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez, F. Ruiz, F. Garc\u00eda, J. Cardoso, Towards thresholds of control flow complexity measures for BPMN models, in: Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2011, pp. 1445\u20131450.","DOI":"10.1145\/1982185.1982496"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.05.001","article-title":"Quality indicators for business process models from a gateway complexity perspective","volume":"54","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218843013500032","article-title":"Toward a quality framework for business process models","volume":"22","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Coop. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez, F. Ruiz, F. Garc\u00eda, M. Piattini, Improving quality of business process models, in: International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, CCIS, 275, Springer, 2013b, pp. 130\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32341-6_9"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-015-0482-0","article-title":"A case study about the improvement of business process models driven by indicators","volume":"16","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1109\/32.238571","article-title":"Layout appropriateness: a metric for evaluating user interface widget layout","volume":"19","author":"Sears","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib101","series-title":"Workflow Modeling: Tools for Process Improvement and Applications Development","author":"Sharp","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib102","unstructured":"Signavio, Modeling Guidelines Manual, 2014, https:\/\/www.signavio.com\/resources\/other-resources\/modeling-guidelines-manual\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib103","unstructured":"D. Silingas, E. Mileviciene, Refactoring BPMN Models: From \u2018Bad Smells' to Best Practices and Patterns. BPMN 20 Handbook Second Edition: Methods, Concepts, Case Studies and Standards in Business Process Management Notation 2011, pp. 125\u2013134."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib104","unstructured":"B. Silver, BPMN method and style: with BPMN implementer\u2019s guide. Cody-Cassidy, 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Snoeck, I.M. de Oca, T. Haegemans, B. Scheldeman, T. Hoste, Testing a selection of BPMN tools for their support of modelling guidelines, in: Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 8.1. Working Conference on The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, LNBIP, 235, 2015, pp. 111\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25897-3_8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Vanderfeesten H.A. Reijers J. Mendling W.M. van der Aalst J. Cardoso, On a quest for good process models: the cross-connectivity metric, in: Advanced Information Systems Engineering,\u00a05074, Springer, LNCS, 2008, pp. 480\u2013494.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69534-9_36"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib107","series-title":"Handbook on Business Process Management","author":"Vom Brocke","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2010.12.012","article-title":"Refactoring large process model repositories","volume":"62","author":"Weber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib109","first-page":"xiii","article-title":"Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: writing a literature review","volume":"26","author":"Webster","year":"2002","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib110","series-title":"Business Process Management","author":"Weske","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003_bib111","unstructured":"S.A. White, BPMN modeling and reference guide: understanding and using BPMN. Future Strategies Inc., 2008."}],"container-title":["Data & Knowledge Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169023X1630341X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169023X1630341X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T23:36:57Z","timestamp":1570405017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169023X1630341X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S0169023X1630341X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-023X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-023X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Guidelines framework for understandable BPMN models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Data & Knowledge Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.datak.2017.11.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}