{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T17:47:36Z","timestamp":1723744056815},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T07:26:11Z","timestamp":1607239571000},"page":"106648","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["How emotional are emoji?: Exploring the effect of emotional valence on the processing of emoji stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Linda K.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rodriguez-Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Gaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashleigh L.","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib1","series-title":"Proceedings of eleventh international AAAI conference on web and social media. Montr\u00e9al, qu\u00e9bec, Canada","article-title":"Untangling emoji popularity through semantic embeddings","author":"Ai","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00192","article-title":"The power of emotional valence- from cognitive to affective processes in reading","volume":"6","author":"Altmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02221","article-title":"A systematic review of emoji: Current research and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193014","article-title":"The English Lexicon Project","volume":"39","author":"Balota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib5","series-title":"Proceedings of 2017 IEEE international conference on big data. Boston, MA, USA","article-title":"Differences in emoji sentiment perception between readers and writers","author":"Berengueres","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2862363","article-title":"New modality: Emoji challenges in prediction, anticipation, and retrieval","volume":"21","author":"Cappallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"issue":"100","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.01.002","article-title":"Emotional valence and arousal affect reading in an interactive way: Neuroimaging evidence for an approach-withdrawal framework","volume":"56","author":"Citron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib8","series-title":"40th annual conference of the cognitive science society","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Are emoji a poor substitute for words? Sentence processing with emoji substitutions","author":"Cohn","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939408408925","article-title":"Differences in the affective processing of words and pictures","volume":"8","author":"De Houwer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439307311611","article-title":"Emoticons and online message interpretation","volume":"26","author":"Derks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2014.02.002","article-title":"Embodiment and second-language: Automatic activiation and motor responses during processing spatially associated L2 words and emotion L2 words in a vertical Stroop paradigm","volume":"132","author":"Dudscig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib13","series-title":"Faces: A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men (publicly available datasets)","author":"Ebner","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012887","article-title":"Automatic vigilance for negative words is categorical and general","volume":"8","author":"Estes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G\u2217Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.03.008","article-title":"Time course of implicit processing and explicit processing of emotional faces and emotional words","volume":"87","author":"Fr\u00fchholz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib17","article-title":"Cortical processing of human and emoji faces: An ERP analysis","author":"Gantiva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221297","article-title":"Worth a thousand internpersonal words: Emoji as affective signals for relationship-oriented digital communication","volume":"14","author":"Gesselman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib19","first-page":"911","article-title":"The influence of working memory load on semantic priming","volume":"41","author":"Heyman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.4.887","article-title":"Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations","volume":"75","author":"Ito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106305","article-title":"Sex differences in emoji use, familiarity, and valence","volume":"108","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.10.007","article-title":"Emojis: Insights, affordances and possibilities for psychological science","volume":"21","author":"Kaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.02.088","article-title":"\u201cTurn that frown upside-down\u201d: A contextual account of emoticon usage on different virtual platforms","volume":"60","author":"Kaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib24","series-title":"Proceedings of experiences of technology appropriation: Unanticipated users, usage, circumstances and design. Oslo, Norway","article-title":"Characterising the inventive appropriation of emoji as relationally meaningful in mediated close personal relationships","author":"Kelly","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.6.2.110","article-title":"Processing emotional pictures and words: Effects of valence and arousal","volume":"6","author":"Kesinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.06.007","article-title":"Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words","volume":"112","author":"Kousta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.050","article-title":"Incidental effects of emotional valence in single word processing: An fMRI study","volume":"28","author":"Kuchinke","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00017-2","article-title":"Common effects of emotional valence, arousal and attention on neural activation during visual processing of pictures","volume":"37","author":"Lane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.1.62","article-title":"Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments","volume":"6","author":"Larsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.4.445","article-title":"Not all negative words slow down lexical decision and naming speed: Importance of word arousal","volume":"8","author":"Larsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib31","series-title":"Proceedings of UbiComp 2016, heidelberg, Germany","article-title":"Learning from the ubiquitous language: An empirical analysis of emoji usage of smartphone users","author":"Lu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib32","series-title":"Proceedings of the 1st international Workshop on emoji Understanding and Applications in social media (Emoji2018), stanford, CA, USA","article-title":"Emoji grammar as beat gestures","author":"McCulloch","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00659.x","article-title":"Why the sunny side is up: Associations between effect and vertical position","volume":"15","author":"Meier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib34","series-title":"Proceedings of the tenth international conference on web and social media","first-page":"259","article-title":"\u2018Blissfully happy\u2019 or \u2018ready to fight\u2019: Varying interpretations of emoji","author":"Miller","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib35","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Semantic priming in the lexical decision task: Roles of prospective prime-generated expectancies and retrospective semantic matching","volume":"15","author":"Neely","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib36","article-title":"Sentiment of emojis","volume":"10","author":"Novak","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000061","article-title":"Processing advantage for emotional words in bilingual speakers","volume":"15","author":"Ponari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0878-6","article-title":"Emojicon: Norms for emoji and emoticons in seven evaluative dimensions","volume":"50","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib39","first-page":"375","article-title":"Emotional valence and physical space: Limits of interaction","volume":"38","author":"de la Vega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.851068","article-title":"How does emotional content affect lexical processing?","volume":"28","author":"Vinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.040","article-title":"An exploration of psychological factors on emoticon usage and implications for judgement accuracy","volume":"62","author":"Wall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib42","series-title":"Principles of gender-specific medicine: Gender in the genomic era","first-page":"183","article-title":"Emotion and gender-specific neural processing in men and women","author":"Whittle","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ecj.10311","article-title":"Brain activity when reading sentences and emoticons: An fMRI study of verbal and nonverbal communication","volume":"94","author":"Yuasa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electronics and Communications in Japan"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198868","article-title":"An event related potential comparison of facial expression processing between cartoon and real faces","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563220303952?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563220303952?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T21:24:51Z","timestamp":1610659491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0747563220303952"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0747563220303952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648","relation":{},"ISSN":["0747-5632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0747-5632","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How emotional are emoji?: Exploring the effect of emotional valence on the processing of emoji stimuli","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Human Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106648","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106648"}}