{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T18:17:06Z","timestamp":1732040226797},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006280","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-2511-H-003 -056 -MY3"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T17:28:44Z","timestamp":1612286924000},"page":"100012","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Behavioral-pattern exploration and development of an instructional tool for young children to learn AI"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6504-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Chia","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hal","family":"Abelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-6318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Han","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib1","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Interaction Design and Children","first-page":"349","article-title":"RaBit EscAPE: a board game for computational thinking","author":"Apostolellis","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Computational thinking: a digital age skill for everyone","volume":"38","author":"Barr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learn. Lead. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1929887.1929905","article-title":"Bringing computational thinking to K-12: what is Involved and what is the role of the computer science education community?","volume":"2","author":"Barr","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Inroads"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4018\/ijgbl.2011040105","article-title":"Collaborative strategic board games as a site for distributed computational thinking","volume":"1","author":"Berland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Game Base. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib5","article-title":"March). Irobot: teaching the basics of artificial intelligence in high schools","volume":"vol. 30","author":"Burgsteiner","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5995","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194998","article-title":"What is STEM education?","volume":"329","author":"Bybee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2019.1636075","article-title":"Effects of the group leadership promotion approach on students\u2019 higher order thinking awareness and online interactive behavioral patterns in a blended learning environment","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib8","series-title":"2016 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E)","first-page":"38","article-title":"An experience report on teaching programming and computational thinking to elementary level children using lego robotics education kit","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103856","article-title":"From design to reflection: effects of peer-scoring and comments on students\u2019 behavioral patterns and learning outcomes in musical theater performance","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/09500690110095249","article-title":"Student-generated questions: a meaningful aspect of learning in science","volume":"24","author":"Chin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03057260701828101","article-title":"Students\u2019 questions: a potential resource for teaching and learning science","volume":"44","author":"Chin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stud. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib12","series-title":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Interaction Design and Children","first-page":"231","article-title":"How smart are the smart toys? children and parents\u2019 agent interaction and intelligence attribution","author":"Druga","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci9030184","article-title":"Educing AI-thinking in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education","volume":"9","author":"How","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib14","article-title":"A\u00a0fuzzy expert system-based adaptive learning approach to improving students\u2019 learning performances by considering affective and cognitive factors","volume":"1","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Educ.: Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib15","first-page":"100001","article-title":"Vision, challenges, roles and research issues of artificial intelligence in education","volume":"1","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Educ.: Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"6245","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8415","article-title":"Machine learning: trends, perspectives, and prospects","volume":"349","author":"Jordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib17","first-page":"246","article-title":"Engaging students in STEM education","volume":"25","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Educ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.05.013","article-title":"Recognition in makerspaces: supporting opportunities for women to \u201cmake\u201d a STEM career","volume":"99","author":"Keune","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib19","article-title":"Using robots in an undergraduate artificial intelligence course: an experience report","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Kumar","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-019-00479-9","article-title":"Learning computational thinking without a computer: How computational participation happens in a computational thinking board game","volume":"29","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib20","series-title":"Proceedings Frontiers in Education 35th Annual Conference","article-title":"Enhancing undergraduate AI courses through machine learning projects","author":"Markov","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib21","series-title":"IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing","first-page":"320","article-title":"Computer education\u2019s teaching-learning methods using educational programming language based on STEAM education","author":"Park","year":"2012"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Artificial intelligence: a modern approach","author":"Russell","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib22"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib23","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE)","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Kids making AI: integrating machine learning, gamification, and social context in STEM education","author":"Sakulkueakulsuk","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib24","series-title":"In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium Conference (FLAIRS\u201998), Menlo Park, CA","article-title":"Teaching the foundations in AI: mobile robots and symbolic victories","author":"Shamma","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2017.09.003","article-title":"Demystifying computational thinking","volume":"22","author":"Shute","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib26","article-title":"The pace of artificial intelligence innovations: speed, talent, and trial-and-error","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Informetrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib27","first-page":"9795","article-title":"Envisioning AI for k-12: what should every child know about AI?","volume":"vol. 33","author":"Touretzky","year":"2019"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Tools to Create and Democratize Conversational Artificial Intelligence","author":"Van Brummelen","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib28"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transitioning STEM to STEAM: reformation of engineering education","volume":"36","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Qual. Participation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9729","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019729","article-title":"PopBots: designing an artificial intelligence curriculum for early childhood education","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/1118178.1118215","article-title":"Computational thinking","volume":"49","author":"Wing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"1881","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib32","first-page":"3717","article-title":"Computational thinking and thinking about computing","volume":"366","author":"Wing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103808","article-title":"Balancing cognitive complexity and gaming level: effects of a cognitive complexity-based competition game on EFL students\u2019 English vocabulary learning performance, anxiety and behaviors","volume":"148","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib34","first-page":"2","article-title":"From computational thinking to AI thinking","volume":"28","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intelligent Systems, IEEE"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"An Educational Approach to Machine Learning with Mobile Applications Massachusetts","author":"Zhu","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012_bib35"}],"updated-by":[{"updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100084","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum"}],"container-title":["Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666920X21000060?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666920X21000060?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T16:45:35Z","timestamp":1639413935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666920X21000060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2666920X21000060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-920X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2666-920X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Behavioral-pattern exploration and development of an instructional tool for young children to learn AI","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2021.100012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100012"}}