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Literature mostly focuses on improving CA responses but fails to address user resistance in the event of further response failures. Drawing on inoculation theory and the elaboration likelihood model, we examine how inoculation messages, as communication that seeks to prepare users for a possible response failure, can be used as an alleviation mechanism. We conducted a randomized experiment with 558 users, investigating how the performance level (high or low) and the linguistic form of the performance information (qualitative or quantitative) affected users\u2019 decision to discontinue CA usage after a response failure. We found that inoculation messages indicating a low performance level alleviate the negative effects of CA response failures on discontinuance. However, quantitative performance level information exhibits this moderating effect on users\u2019 central processing, while qualitative performance level information affected users\u2019 peripheral processing. Extending studies that primarily discuss ex-post strategies, our results provide meaningful insights for practitioners.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-021-00509-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T14:02:38Z","timestamp":1640181758000},"page":"239-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immunizing with information \u2013 Inoculation messages against conversational agents\u2019 response failures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0863-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Severin","family":"Weiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Matt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adam, M., Wessel, M., & Benlian, A. 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