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We show that by adjusting a single hyperparameter it is possible to move by degrees between models resembling dictionary methods and models resembling Rocket<\/jats:sc>. We present Hydra<\/jats:sc>, a simple, fast, and accurate dictionary method for time series classification using competing convolutional kernels, combining key aspects of both Rocket<\/jats:sc> and conventional dictionary methods. Hydra<\/jats:sc> is faster and more accurate than the most accurate existing dictionary methods, achieving similar accuracy to several of the most accurate current methods for time series classification. Hydra<\/jats:sc> can also be combined with Rocket<\/jats:sc> and its variants to significantly improve the accuracy of these methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-023-00939-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T13:02:32Z","timestamp":1684242152000},"page":"1779-1805","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hydra: competing convolutional kernels for fast and accurate time series classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6809-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus","family":"Dempster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Geoffrey I.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"939_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-016-0483-9","volume":"31","author":"A Bagnall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bagnall A, Lines J, Bostrom A et al (2017) The great time series classification bake off: a review and experimental evaluation of recent algorithmic advances. 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