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Road-crossing interventions are variable and involve high-risk real-world situations. Virtual reality (VR)-based road-crossing can elicit changes in real-world functioning but has not been trialled in the TBI population. The primary objective of this research was to explore whether VR-based self-paced treadmill technology offers a safe road-crossing assessment mechanism for people with TBI. Three participants with TBI completed two road-crossing pilot-trials using a VR-based self-paced treadmill. Avatar feedback and verbal feedback were provided between trials. Participants were provided with a safe road-crossing strategy for the second\u00a0pilot-trial. The Researcher and Participant evaluated road-crossing following each trial using the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory and the number of safe road-crossings to assess changes in self-evaluation and performance between trials. One of the participants perceived improvements in self-evaluation and performance in the second\u00a0pilot-trial. All participants attempted to apply the safe road-crossing strategy advised. No safety issues were identified using the VR-based self-paced treadmill within this study\u2019s protocol thereby supporting the primary objective of the work. Future research is warranted to strengthen the evidence-base for using VR to elicit improvements in ISA in road-crossing and in generalising findings to the wider TBI population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00823-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1687511033000},"page":"3621-3631","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The potential of using virtual reality-based self-paced treadmill to assess road-crossing safety and self-evaluation with traumatic brain injuries: a series case study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"McCluskey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al-Amri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"823_CR1","first-page":"161","volume":"87","author":"M Al Banna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al Banna M et al (2016) Metacognitive function poststroke: a review of definition and assessment. 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