{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T19:44:24Z","timestamp":1726083864269},"publisher-location":"Singapore","reference-count":106,"publisher":"Springer Singapore","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789811552311"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789811552328"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5232-8_66","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T08:02:53Z","timestamp":1588924973000},"page":"772-790","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Restricted Boltzmann Machines Based Fault Estimation in Multi Terminal HVDC Transmission System"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raheel","family":"Muzzammel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/6.486634","volume":"33","author":"NG Hingorani","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hingorani, N.G.: High voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse. IEEE Spectr. 33(4), 63\u201372 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Spectr."},{"key":"66_CR2","unstructured":"Ellert, F.J.: HVDC for the long run.\u00a0Spectrum, 36\u201342 (1976)"},{"volume-title":"High Voltage Direct Current Transmission","year":"1983","author":"JJ Arrillaga","key":"66_CR3","unstructured":"Arrillaga, J.J.: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission. Peter Peregrinus Ltd., Stevenage (1983)"},{"volume-title":"HVDC Power Transmission Systems","year":"1990","author":"KR Padyar","key":"66_CR4","unstructured":"Padyar, K.R.: HVDC Power Transmission Systems. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi (1990)"},{"key":"66_CR5","unstructured":"High Voltage Direct Current Handbook, California Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (1994)"},{"key":"66_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starke, M., Tolbert, L.M., Ozpineci, B.: AC vs. DC distribution: a loss comparison. In: IEEE\/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Chicago, IL, pp. 1\u20137 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/TDC.2008.4517256"},{"key":"66_CR7","unstructured":"Sun, T., Xia, J., Sun, Y., Mao, X.: Research on the applicable range of AC and DC transmission voltage class sequence. In: International Conference on Power System Technology, Chengdu, pp. 374\u2013380 (2014)"},{"key":"66_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meah, K., Ula, S.: Comparative evaluation of HVDC and HVAC transmission systems. In: IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Tampa, FL, pp. 1\u20135 (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2007.385993"},{"key":"66_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66072-6","volume-title":"Power Transmission by Direct Current","author":"E Uhlmann","year":"1975","unstructured":"Uhlmann, E.: Power Transmission by Direct Current. Springer, Heidelberg (1975). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-66072-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR10","first-page":"1241","volume":"5","author":"JP Bowles","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bowles, J.P., et al.: AC-DC economics and alternatives-1987 panel session report. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 5(4), 1241\u20131248 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Delivery"},{"issue":"5","key":"66_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1969.292358","volume":"88","author":"LA Bateman","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bateman, L.A., Haywood, R.W.: Nelson river DC transmission project. IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS 88(5), 688\u2013693 (1969)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS"},{"key":"66_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halder, T.: Comparative study of HVDC and HVAC for a bulk power transmission. In: International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), Sri Rangalatchum Dindigul, pp. 139\u2013144 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPEC.2013.6527639"},{"key":"66_CR13","unstructured":"Ruderval, R., Charpenitier, J.P., Sharma, R.: High voltage direct current transmission systems technology review paper. Energy Week, Washington D.C., USA (2000)"},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/61.53132","volume":"5","author":"AE Hammad","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hammad, A.E., Long, W.F.: Performance and economic comparisons between point-to-point HVDC transmission and hybrid back-to-back HVDC\/AC transmission. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 5(2), 1137\u20131144 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Delivery"},{"key":"66_CR15","unstructured":"Chamia, M.: The role of HVDC transmission in the 21st century. In: IEEE WPM - Panel Session (1999)"},{"key":"66_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenzer, M., Koch, H., Imamovic, D.: Underground transmission lines for high power AC and DC transmission. In: IEEE\/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), Dallas, TX, pp. 1\u20134 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/TDC.2016.7519942"},{"key":"66_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, W.F., Litzenberger, W.: Fundamental concepts in high voltage direct current power transmission PES (T&D), Orlando, FL, pp. 1\u20132 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/TDC.2012.6281596"},{"key":"66_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahrman, M.P.: Overview of HVDC transmission. IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, Atlanta, GA, pp. 18\u201323 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/PSCE.2006.296221"},{"key":"66_CR19","unstructured":"Wang, H., Redfern, M.A.: The advantages and disadvantages of using HVDC to interconnect AC networks. In: 45th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), pp. 1\u20135 (2010)"},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MPEL.2017.2760110","volume":"4","author":"T Keim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keim, T., Bindra, A.: Recent advances in HVDC and UHVDC transmission [Happenings]. IEEE Power Electron. Mag. 4(4), 12\u201318 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Power Electron. Mag."},{"key":"66_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4760","DOI":"10.3390\/app9224760","volume":"9","author":"R Muzzammel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muzzammel, R., et al.: MT\u2013HVdc systems fault classification and location methods based on traveling and non-traveling waves\u2014a comprehensive review. Appl. Sci. 9, 4760 (2019)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"66_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3614","DOI":"10.3390\/en12193614","volume":"12","author":"R Muzzammel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muzzammel, R.: Traveling waves-based method for fault estimation in HVDC transmission system. Energies 12, 3614 (2019)","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"66_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muzzammel, R., Fateh, H.M., Ali, Z.: Analytical behaviour of thyrister based HVDC transmission lines under normal and faulty conditions. In: International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET), pp. 1\u20135, Lahore (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEET1.2018.8338635"},{"key":"66_CR24","series-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6052-7_43","volume-title":"Intelligent Technologies and Applications","author":"R Muzzammel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muzzammel, R.: Machine learning based fault diagnosis in HVDC transmission lines. In: Bajwa, I.S., Kamareddine, F., Costa, A. (eds.) INTAP 2018. CCIS, vol. 932, pp. 496\u2013510. Springer, Singapore (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-6052-7_43"},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2012.2190528","volume":"27","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Tai, N., Xu, B.: Fault analysis and traveling wave protection scheme for bipolar HVDC lines. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 27(3), 1583\u20131591 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smt.2016.0244","volume":"11","author":"JM Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson, J.M., Yadav, A.: Complete protection scheme for fault detection, classification and location estimation in HVDC transmission lines using support vector machines. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 11(3), 279\u2013287 (2017)","journal-title":"IET Sci. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2269769","volume":"29","author":"Z He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He, Z., Liao, K., Li, X., Lin, S., Yang, J., Mai, R.: Natural frequency based line fault location in HVDC lines. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 29(2), 851\u2013859 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49790","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2910384","volume":"7","author":"Q Huai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huai, Q., et al.: Backup protection scheme for multi-terminal HVDC system based on wavelet-packet energy entropy. IEEE Access 7, 49790\u201349803 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"13","key":"66_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2018.5163","volume":"12","author":"W Leterme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leterme, W., Azad, S.P., Van Hertem, D.: HVDC grid protection algorithm design in phase and modal domains. IET Renew. Power Gener. 12(13), 1538\u20131546 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Renew. Power Gener."},{"issue":"7","key":"66_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.0999","volume":"12","author":"M Salehi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salehi, M., Namdari, F.: Fault classification and faulted phase selection for transmission line using morphological edge detection filter. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 12(7), 1595\u20131605 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Gener. Transm. Distrib."},{"key":"66_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33216","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2848841","volume":"6","author":"G Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo, G., Yao, C., Liu, Y., Tan, Y., He, J., Wang, K.: Stacked auto-encoder based fault location in VSC-HVDC. IEEE Access 6, 33216\u201333224 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"66_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoseinzadeh, B., Amini, M.H., Bak, C.L., Blaabierg, F.: High impedance DC fault detection and localization in HVDC transmission lines using harmonic analysis. In: International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC\/I&CPS Europe, pp. 1\u20134 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC.2018.8494613"},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2901594","volume":"34","author":"S Lan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lan, S., Chen, M.J., Chen, D.Y.: A novel HVDC double terminal nonsynchronous fault location method based on convolutional neural network. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 34(3), 848\u2013857 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2009.2033078","volume":"25","author":"J Suonan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suonan, J., Gao, S., Song, G.: A novel fault location method for HVDC transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 25, 1203\u20131209 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2012.2202405","volume":"27","author":"O Nanayakkara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nanayakkara, O., Rajapakse, A., Wachal, R.: Travelling wave-based line fault location in star-connected multi-terminal HVDC systems. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 27, 2286\u20132294 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1109\/61.252655","volume":"8","author":"MB Dewe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dewe, M.B., Sankar, S., Arrillaga, J.: The application of satellite time references to HVDC fault location. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 8(3), 1295\u20131302 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.1659","volume":"22","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, Y., Zhang, S., Li, H.: A fault location method based on genetic algorithm for high-voltage direct current transmission line. Eur. Trans. Electr. Power 22, 866\u2013878 (2012)","journal-title":"Eur. Trans. Electr. Power"},{"key":"66_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2335748","volume":"30","author":"L Yuangsheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuangsheng, L., Gang, W., Haifeng, L.: Time domain fault-location method on HVDC transmission lines under unsynchronized two-end measurement and uncertain line parameters. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 30, 1031\u20131038 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2013.10.006","volume":"107","author":"H Livani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Livani, H., Evrenosoglu, C.Y.: A single-ended fault location method for segmented HVDC transmission line. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 107, 190\u2013198 (2014)","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"66_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.05.069","volume":"63","author":"S Guoing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guoing, S., Xu, C., Xinlei, C.: A fault location method for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on natural frequency of current. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 63, 347\u2013352 (2014)","journal-title":"Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"66_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2014.01.002","volume":"110","author":"AA Yusuff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yusuff, A.A., Jimoh, A.A., Munda, J.L.: Fault location in transmission lines based on stationary wavelet transform determinant function feature and support vector regression. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 110, 73\u201383 (2014)","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2016.2595323","volume":"32","author":"SP Azad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Azad, S.P., Hertem, D.V.: A fast local bus current-based primary relaying algorithm for HVDC grids. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 32(1), 193\u2013202 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2015.2448761","volume":"31","author":"MK Bucher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bucher, M.K., Franck, C.M.: Fault current interruption in multiterminal HVDC networks. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 31(1), 87\u201395 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.22149\/teee.v1i4.71","volume":"1","author":"A Mokhberdoran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mokhberdoran, A., Silva, N., Leite, H., Carvalho, A.: Unidirectional protection strategy for multi-terminal HVDC grids. Trans. Environ. Electr. Eng. 1(4), 58\u201365 (2016)","journal-title":"Trans. Environ. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2016.2543306","volume":"31","author":"W Leterme","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leterme, W., Azad, S.P., Hertem, D.V.: A local backup protection algorithm for HVDC grids. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 31(4), 1767\u20131775 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"9","key":"66_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.07.068","volume":"14","author":"DV Hertem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hertem, D.V., Ghandhari, M.: Multi-terminal VSC HVDC for the European supergrid: obstacles. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14(9), 3156\u20133163 (2010)","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2010.0587","volume":"5","author":"KD Kerf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerf, K.D., et al.: Wavelet-based protection strategy for dc faults in multi-terminal VSC HVDC systems. IET Gen. Transm. Distrib. 5(4), 496\u2013503 (2011)","journal-title":"IET Gen. Transm. Distrib."},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2015.2422145","volume":"31","author":"W Leterme","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leterme, W., Beerten, J., Hertem, D.V.: Non-unit protection of HVDC grids with inductive dc cable termination. IEEE Trans. Power Del. 31(2), 820\u2013828 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Del."},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2364547","volume":"31","author":"J Sneath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sneath, J., Rajapakse, A.D.: Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid dc breakers. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 31(3), 973\u2013981 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"volume-title":"Protective Relaying Theory and Applications","year":"2004","author":"WA Elmore","key":"66_CR50","unstructured":"Elmore, W.A.: Protective Relaying Theory and Applications. Marcel Dekker, New York (2004)"},{"key":"66_CR51","unstructured":"Naidoo, D., Ijumba, N.: HVDC line protection for the proposed future HVDC systems. In: Proceedings IEEE PowerCon, vol. 2, pp. 1327\u20131332 (2004)"},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2018.2867787","volume":"34","author":"J Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, J., Saeedifard, M., Meliopoulos, A.P.S.: Backup protection of multi-terminal HVDC grids based on quickest change detection. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 34(1), 177\u2013187 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2018.07.044","volume":"104","author":"M Farshad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farshad, M.: Detection and classification of internal faults in bipolar HVDC transmission lines based on K-means data description method. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 104, 615\u2013625 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"66_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azad, S.P., Leterme, W., Hertem, D.V.: A DC grid primary protection algorithm based on current measurements. In: 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2015 ECCE-Europe, Geneva, pp. 1\u201310 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/EPE.2015.7309268"},{"key":"66_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2017.03.024","volume":"148","author":"Q Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Blond, S.L., Aggarwal, R., Wang, Y., Li, J.: New ANN method for multi-terminal HVDC protection relaying. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 148, 192\u2013201 (2017)","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"66_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augustin, T., Jahn, I., Norrga, S., Nee, H.: Transient behaviour of VSC-HVDC links with DC breakers under faults. In: 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2017 ECCE Europe, Warsaw, pp. P.1\u2013P.10 (2017)","DOI":"10.23919\/EPE17ECCEEurope.2017.8099248"},{"issue":"5","key":"66_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2018.2825779","volume":"33","author":"C Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, C., Gole, A.M., Zhao, C.: A fast DC fault detection method using DC reactor voltages in HVDC grids. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 33(5), 2254\u20132264 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"5","key":"66_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2017.2756831","volume":"33","author":"R Bertho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bertho, R., Lacerda, V.A., Monaro, R.M., Vieira, J.C.M., Coury, D.V.: Selective nonunit protection technique for multiterminal VSC HVDC grids. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 33(5), 2106\u20132114 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"16","key":"66_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1049\/joe.2018.8415","volume":"2019","author":"Z Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Zou, G., Gao, L., Zhang, J., Gao, H.: Voltage pole-wave protection scheme for multi-terminal DC grid. J. Eng. 2019(16), 806\u2013811 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Eng."},{"key":"66_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeap, Y.M., Ukil, A.: Fault detection in HVDC system using short time fourier transform. In: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM, Boston, MA, pp. 1\u20135 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741323"},{"volume-title":"The Fast Fourier Transform","year":"1974","author":"EO Brigham","key":"66_CR61","unstructured":"Brigham, E.O.: The Fast Fourier Transform. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1974)"},{"key":"66_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasanth, S., Yeap, Y.M., Ukil, A.: Fault location estimation for VSC-HVDC system using artificial neural network. In: IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON, pp. 501\u2013504 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2016.7848050"},{"key":"66_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elgeziry, M.Z., Elsadd, M.A., Elkalashy, N.I., Kawady, T.A., Taalab, A.M.I.: AC spectrum analysis for detecting DC faults on HVDC systems. In: 19th International Middle East Power Systems Conference, MEPCON, pp. 708\u2013715 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/MEPCON.2017.8301259"},{"issue":"5","key":"66_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2758745","volume":"65","author":"K Satpathi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Satpathi, K., Yeap, Y.M., Ukil, A., Geddada, N.: Short-time Fourier Transform based transient analysis of VSC interfaced point-to-point dc system. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 65(5), 4080\u20134091 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron."},{"key":"66_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ukil, A., Yeap, Y.M., Satpathi, K., Geddada, N.: Fault identification in AC and DC systems using STFT analysis of high frequency components. In: IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies \u2013 Asia, ISGT-Asia, pp. 1\u20136 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-Asia.2017.8378463"},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1109\/59.962411","volume":"16","author":"AM Gaouda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gaouda, A.M., El-Saadany, E.F., Salama, M.M.A., Sood, V.K., Chikhani, A.Y.: Monitoring HVDC systems using wavelet multi-resolution analysis. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 16(4), 662\u2013670 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"66_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murthy, P.K., Amarnath, J., Kamakshiah, S., Singh, B.P.: Wavelet transform approach for detection and location of faults in HVDC system. In: IEEE Region 10 and the Third international Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, Kharagpur, pp. 1\u20136 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIINFS.2008.4798483"},{"key":"66_CR68","unstructured":"Wang, G., Wu, M., Li, H., Hong, C.: Transient based protection for HVDC lines using wavelet-multiresolution signal decomposition.\u00a0In: Proceedings IEEE\/Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference, Asia Pacific, pp. 1\u20134 (2005)"},{"issue":"31","key":"66_CR69","first-page":"112","volume":"28","author":"X Cai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cai, X., Song, G., Gao, S.: A novel fault-location method for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on natural frequency of current. Proc. CSEE 28(31), 112\u2013119 (2011)","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2008.2002687","volume":"24","author":"X Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu, X., Osman, A.H., Malik, O.P.: Hybrid traveling wave\/boundary protection for monopolar HVDC line. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 24(2), 569\u2013578 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.0488","volume":"12","author":"Y Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Tai, N., Fan, C., Yang, L., Chen, S.: Resonance frequency-based protection scheme for ultra-high-voltage direct-current transmission lines. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 12(2), 318\u2013327 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Gener. Transm. Distrib."},{"key":"66_CR72","unstructured":"Liu, J., Fan, C., Tai, N.: A novel pilot directional protection scheme for HVDC transmission line based on specific frequency current. In: International conference on Power System Technology, POWERCON, pp. 976\u2013982 (2014)"},{"key":"66_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.04.009","volume":"61","author":"J Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng, J., Guan, M., Tang, L.V., Huang, H.: A fault location criterion for MTDC transmission lines using transient current characteristics. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 61, 647\u2013655 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"66_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2017.06.004","volume":"93","author":"D Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, D., Gao, H.L., Luo, S.B., Zou, G.B.: Travelling wave pilot protection for LCC-HVDC transmission lines based on electronic transformers differential output characteristic. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 93, 283 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2272436","volume":"28","author":"M Farshad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farshad, M., Sadeh, J.: A novel fault-location method for HVDC transmission lines based on similarity measure of voltage signals. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 28(4), 2483\u20132490 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1109\/CJECE.2017.2751661","volume":"40","author":"S Jana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jana, S., De, A.: A novel zone division approach for power system fault detection using ANN-based pattern recognition technique. Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 40(4), 275\u2013283 (2017)","journal-title":"Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"66_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7147","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2889092","volume":"7","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Hao, Z., Zhang, B., Kong, F.: A pilot protection scheme for transmission lines in VSC-HVDC grid based on similarity measure of traveling waves. IEEE Access 7, 7147\u20137158 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"66_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2016.08.003","volume":"141","author":"RC Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santos, R.C., Blond, S.L., Coury, D.V., Aggarwal, R.K.: A novel and comprehensive single terminal ANN based decision support for relaying of VSC based HVDC links. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 141, 333 (2016)","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"66_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2017.10.040","volume":"97","author":"D Tzelepis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tzelepis, D., Dy\u015bko, A., Fusiek, G., Niewczas, P., Mirsaeidi, S., Booth, C., Dong, X.: Advanced fault location in MTDC networks utilizing optically-multiplexed current measurements and machine learning approach. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 97, 319 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"66_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Wei, W., Yu, F.: SVM theory and its application in fault diagnosis of HVDC system. In: 3rd International Conference on Natural Computation, ICNC 2007, Haikou, pp. 665\u2013669 (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2007.699"},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","volume":"2","author":"CC Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang, C.C., Lin, C.J.: LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 2(3), 1\u201327 (2011)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5\u201332 (2001)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"66_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-35488-8_8","volume-title":"Feature Extraction: Foundations and Applications","author":"E Tuv","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tuv, E.: Ensemble learning. In: Guyon, I., Nikravesh, M., Gunn, S., Zadeh, L.A. (eds.) Feature Extraction: Foundations and Applications, pp. 187\u2013204. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-35488-8_8"},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025667309714","volume":"53","author":"M Robnik-\u0160ikonja","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robnik-\u0160ikonja, M., Kononenko, I.: Theoretical and empirical analysis of ReliefF and RReliefF. Mach. Learn. 53(1), 23\u201369 (2003)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2726961","volume":"65","author":"TS Abdelgayed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdelgayed, T.S., Morsi, W.G., Sidhu, T.S.: Fault detection and classification based on co-training of semi supervised machine learning. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 65(2), 1595\u20131605 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron."},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2822549","volume":"13","author":"MA Jarrahi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jarrahi, M.A., Samet, H., Ghanbari, T.: Fast current-only based fault detection method in transmission line. IEEE Syst. J. 13(2), 1725\u20131736 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"66_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M., Lan, S., Chen, D.: Machine learning based one-terminal fault areas detection in HVDC transmission system. In: 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, ICPES, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 278\u2013282 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPESYS.2018.8626976"},{"key":"66_CR88","unstructured":"Padiyar, K.R., Prabhu, N.: Modelling, control design and analysis of VSC based HVDC transmission systems. In: International Conference on Power System Technology, PowerCon 2004, vol. 11, pp. 774\u2013779 (2004)"},{"key":"66_CR89","unstructured":"Meier, S.: Novel voltage source converter based HVDC transmission system for offshore wind farms. Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (2005)"},{"key":"66_CR90","unstructured":"Undeland, N.M.T., Robbins, W.: Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design (2003)"},{"key":"66_CR91","unstructured":"Mohamed, Z.S.A.K., Samir, H., Karim, F.M., Rabie, A.: Performance analysis of a voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC transmission system under faulted conditions. Leonardo J. Sci., 33\u201346 (2009)"},{"key":"66_CR92","unstructured":"Ana-Irina Stan, D. I. S.: Control of VSC-based HVDC transmission system for offshore wind power plants. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark (2010)"},{"key":"66_CR93","first-page":"2386","volume":"22","author":"D Cuiqing","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cuiqing, D., et al.: A new control strategy of a VSC-HVDC system for high quality supply of industrial plants. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 22, 2386\u20132394 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"66_CR94","unstructured":"Bajracharya, C.: Control of VSC-HVDC for wind power. Master of Science in Energy and Environment, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (2008)"},{"key":"66_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Oliveira Filho, M.E., et al.: A control method for voltage source inverter without dc link capacitor. In Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp. 4432\u20134437 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/PESC.2008.4592660"},{"key":"66_CR96","unstructured":"Machaba, M.B.M.: Explicit damping factor specification in symmetrical optimum tuning of PI controllers. In: 1st African Control Conference, Cape Town, South Africa (2003)"},{"key":"66_CR97","first-page":"767","volume":"2","author":"H Namho","year":"1999","unstructured":"Namho, H., et al.: Fast dynamic DC-link power balancing scheme for a PWM converter inverter system. Proc. Ind. Electron. Soc. 2, 767\u2013772 (1999)","journal-title":"Proc. Ind. Electron. Soc."},{"key":"66_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salakhutdinov, R., Mnih, A., Hinton, G.: Restricted Boltzmann machines for collaborative filtering. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Machine Learning, ACM 2007 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1273496.1273596"},{"key":"66_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mobahi, H., Collobert, R. (eds.): Deep learning from temporal coherence in video. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, ACM 09, Canada (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1553374.1553469"},{"key":"66_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larochelle, H., Bengio, Y. (eds.): Classification using discriminative restricted Boltzmann machines. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Machine Learning, ACM 2008, Helsinki, Finland (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390224"},{"key":"66_CR101","unstructured":"Larochelle, H., Mandel, M.I. (eds.): Learning algorithms for the classification restricted Boltzmann machine. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 13, 643\u2013669 (2012)"},{"key":"66_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000006","volume":"2","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bengio, Y.: Foundations and trends in machine learning 2, 1\u2013127 (2009)","journal-title":"Foundations and trends in machine learning"},{"issue":"5","key":"66_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2519325","volume":"63","author":"Y Lei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lei, Y., Jia, F., Lin, J., Xing, S., Ding, S.X.: An intelligent fault diagnosis method using unsupervised feature learning towards mechanical big data. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 63(5), 3137\u20133147 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron."},{"key":"66_CR104","unstructured":"Wong, K.P.: Artificial intelligence and neural network applications in power systems. In: 2nd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, APSCOM 1993, vol. 1, Hong Kong, pp. 37\u201346 (1993)"},{"issue":"8","key":"66_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1162\/089976602760128018","volume":"14","author":"GE Hinton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hinton, G.E.: Training products of experts by minimizing contrastive divergence. J. Neural Comput. 14(8), 1771\u20131800 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Neural Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"66_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00085","volume":"23","author":"A Fischer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fischer, A., Igel, C.: Bounding the bias of contrastive divergence learning. Neural Comput. 23(3), 664\u2013673 (2011)","journal-title":"Neural Comput."}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Intelligent Technologies and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-981-15-5232-8_66","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T05:20:46Z","timestamp":1666502446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-981-15-5232-8_66"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9789811552311","9789811552328"],"references-count":106,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-5232-8_66","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0929"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0937"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"INTAP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Applications","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Bahawalpur","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Pakistan","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2019","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 November 2019","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 November 2019","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"intap2019","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/jdconline.net\/intap\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"224","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"60","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"6","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"27% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"5","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"1 Invited Paper","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}