{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T18:51:48Z","timestamp":1720983108725},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["incose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Systems Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>A \u201cportfolio\u2010of\u2010systems\u201d is a collection of systems related by common management and budgeting, and at least some relationship to mission or missions. A portfolio\u2010of\u2010systems describes the not uncommon situation where an office is responsible for multiple systems in multiple phases of development but those systems are not related by common design, common manufacturing, or necessarily interconnected operationally. The relationship is fundamentally one of management, although other linkages might be present or designed if such additional linkages are deemed beneficial. The portfolio\u2010of\u2010systems concept differs from systems\u2010of\u2010systems and product\u2010line or family\u2010of\u2010systems constructs. This paper describes generalizations of architecting techniques for portfolio situations, particularly recognizing the presence of many largely independent components in multiple stages of development with an ongoing or episodic process. The paper presents two case studies of actual portfolios: One a portfolio of operational demonstration systems and the other a portfolio of weather satellites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.21486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T04:02:16Z","timestamp":1555560136000},"page":"335-347","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Architecting a portfolio of systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7465-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aerospace Corporation INCOSE Fellow Chantilly Virginia"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6858(1998)1:4<267::AID-SYS3>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119173670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Architecting Principles for Systems\u2010of\u2010Systems","author":"Maier MW"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"On the systems engineering and management of systems of systems and federations of systems","volume":"2","author":"Sage AP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infor Knowl Syst Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.21302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28901-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001630100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.20039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2004.1293069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Architecting Automotive Product Lines: Industrial Practice","author":"Gustavsson H","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2003.1241367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MartinJN.Overview of an Emerging Standard on Architecture Processes\u2014ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 42020. 2018 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) Vancouver Canada:IEEE; 23\u201026 April 2018.","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSCON.2018.8369544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/258557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/258920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2007.24160888"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2003.10932145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420079142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"System Architecture: Strategy and Product Development for Complex Systems","author":"Crawley E","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"DOD Architecture Framework 2.0: A Guide to Applying Systems Engineering to Develop Integrated, Executable Architectures","author":"Dam SH","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2015.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The framework for enterprise architecture: background, description and utility","author":"Zachman JA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zachman Intl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EmeryD HilliardR.Every Architecture Description Needs a Framework: Expressing Architecture Frameworks Using ISO\/IEC 42010. Software Architecture 2009 & European Conference on Software Architecture. WICSA\/ECSA 2009. Joint Working IEEE\/IFIP Conference on IEEE2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/WICSA.2009.5290789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/PBPC014E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4266(97)00048-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"Robust Portfolio Optimization and Management","author":"Fabozzi FJ","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(90)90065-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(85)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(93)90009-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"The Venture Capital Cycle","author":"Gompers PA","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9310.00225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/17.969428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Portfolio Management: Fundamental to New Product Success","author":"Cooper RG","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2008.2009872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spacepol.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strategic alignment of an R&D portfolio by crafting the set of buckets","author":"Santiago LP","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Engr Manage (Early Access)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.10052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/deca.1040.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv322v4g7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","unstructured":"ISO I.IEC\/IEEE Systems and Software Engineering: Architecture description ISO\/IEC\/IEEE Standard 42010;2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","volume-title":"Smart Choices: A Practical Guide to Making Better Decisions","author":"Hammond JS","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","volume-title":"Pre\u2010Milestone A and Early\u2010Phase Systems Engineering: A Retrospective Review and Benefits for Future Air Force Systems Acquisition","author":"NRC","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","unstructured":"GruhlW.Lessons learned cost\/schedule assessment guide. Internal presentation NASA Comptroller's office;1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","unstructured":"ReiningRC Cantrell LE Jr HelmsD et\u00a0al.NOAA Observing System Integrated Analysis (NOSIA): development and support to the NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture. AGU Fall Meeting San Francisco CA 12\u201316 December 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","volume-title":"2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","author":"Volz S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spacepol.2005.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","unstructured":"NOAA\u2010NESDIS.2018.NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture Study Draft Report.https:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/docket?D=NOAA-NESDIS-2018-0053. Accessed January 10 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-18-0180.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","unstructured":"MaierM AnthesR.The EDR Value Model for the NSOSA Decision Process. American Meteorological Society 98th Annual Meeting 14th Annual Symposium on New Generation Operational Environmental Satellite Systems. Austin TX 7\u201310 January 20182018."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference","author":"Maier MW"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","volume-title":"Value of a Weather\u2010Ready Nation. N. W. Service","author":"NOAA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2005.1559307"}],"container-title":["Systems Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sys.21486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/sys.21486","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sys.21486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T04:15:52Z","timestamp":1694319352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/incose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sys.21486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sys.21486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sys.21486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-1241","1520-6858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-1241","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}