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The ideas developed here come from the practical and theoretical experience of the authors in both industrial and academic frameworks. We organize the discussion around 6 theses that aim at establishing robust conceptual foundations for the model\u2010based engineering transformation. We focus on model\u2010based systems engineering, model\u2010based safety assessment, and the relationship between these 2 disciplines. We report on active research initiatives that implement these 6 theses via the S2ML+X paradigm. 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