{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T05:29:12Z","timestamp":1734067752602,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,21]],"date-time":"2003-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1053475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems & Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>This paper proposes a method for simulating a soft object in a virtual space. We employ a spring mass network to represent a human face, which is an example of a soft object. A bubble mesh algorithm is applied to CT data to obtain a network whose nodes are approximately equally spaced. For connecting bubble centers we devised a technique employing a Voronoi diagram. Softness is represented by a spring network model with springs assigned to edges connecting adjacent nodes. The spring constant is determined experimentally so that the measured softness is equal to the softness of a virtual object in terms of the relation between force and displacement. The nonlinearity of a spring is set at 80% of its depth, read from the CT data. A force feedback system using PHANToM was implemented in order to allow a sensation of virtually feeling and pushing a soft object. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(8): 33\u201341, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com<\/jats:ext-link>). 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