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The communication distance of the nodes can be decreased using clustering architectures and multi\u2010hop data transmissions; hence, the lifetime of the network can be increased. In this study, two\u2010level intra\u2010cluster and multi\u2010level inter\u2010cluster communication are proposed. The coverage area of the second\u2010level clusters is dynamically determined according to the distance of cluster heads to the BS. Self\u2010organized nodes in the network designate the clustering ranges, the clusters, and the cluster heads without a central control mechanism using a fully distributed approach. Moreover, with the help of static clustering, the control messages generated by the system are decreased. The proposed approach, FDEAM, is compared with recent approaches in terms of the network lifetime, network energy consumption, cluster head alteration frequency, dead parent statistics, and data collection. The results show that FDEAM outperforms state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art approaches for all performance metrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T06:48:15Z","timestamp":1630738095000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A fully distributed energy\u2010aware multi\u2010level clustering and routing for WSN\u2010based IoT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130pek","family":"Abas\u0131kele\u015f\u2010Turgut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department Iskenderun Technical University Hatay Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Altan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department Iskenderun Technical University Hatay Turkey"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2926209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-020-01523-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"e3816","article-title":"Energy\u2010aware cluster\u2010based routing optimization for WSNs in the livestock industry","author":"Awan KM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","article-title":"I\u2010SEP: an improved routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN for IoT\u2010based environmental monitoring","author":"Behera TM","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2949146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2784542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2872065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2929578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-018-1689-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangZ QinX LiuB.An energy\u2010efficient clustering routing algorithm for WSN\u2010assisted IoT; 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