{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T15:26:41Z","timestamp":1709220401336},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62036010"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Animation & Virtual"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Due to the complex and subtle behaviors of humans, realistic crowd simulation is difficult. To that end, we propose a novel crowd simulation method that can generate realistic crowd animations with behaviors similar to real crowds and model complex pedestrian behaviors at multiple levels using social long short\u2010term memory (LSTM) neural networks. At the high level, our multi\u2010level simulation model provides global group navigation while at the low level, it can simulate local individual interactions with collision avoidance. We introduce a data\u2010driven method using an improved social LSTM for learning local motion decisions from real pedestrian trajectories in order to capture the subtle movements of the crowd. To achieve scalability, we formulate the low\u2010level and high\u2010level motion control in a force\u2010based scheme. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our method can produce realistic crowd animations in a variety of scenarios. Evaluations in various metrics show that our method produces better crowd behaviors than previous methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.2180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T06:26:08Z","timestamp":1684304768000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi\u2010level crowd simulation using social LSTM"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yingfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of CAD&CG Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of CAD&CG Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7339-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of CAD&CG Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.51.4282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReynoldsCW.Flocks herds and schools: a distributed behavioral model. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques; 1987. p. 25\u201334.","DOI":"10.1145\/37401.37406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"vanTollW GrzeskowiakF Gand\u00edaAL AmirianJ BertonF BruneauJ et al.Generalized microscropic crowd simulation using costs in velocity space. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games; 2020. p. 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1145\/3384382.3384532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1142008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2010.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2946769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.238701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-014-0946-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-011-0669-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13629"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChaoQ JinX HuangH\u2010W FoongS Lap\u2010FaiY YeungS\u2010K.Force\u2010based heterogeneous traffic simulation for autonomous vehicle testing. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA); IEEE. 2019. p. 8298\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WeissT LittenekerA JiangC TerzopoulosD.Position\u2010based multi\u2010agent dynamics for real\u2010time crowd simulation. Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH \/ Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation; 2017.","DOI":"10.1145\/3099564.3108160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.1765"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphable crowds","volume":"29","author":"Eunjung J","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"LiY ChristieM SiretO KulpaR Pettr\u00e9J.Cloning crowd motions. Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation; Citeseer. 2012. p. 201\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlahiA GoelK RamanathanV RobicquetA Fei\u2010FeiL SavareseS.Social LSTM: human trajectory prediction in crowded spaces. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; 2016. p. 961\u201371.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GuptaA JohnsonJ Fei\u2010FeiL SavareseS AlahiA.Social GAN: socially acceptable trajectories with generative adversarial networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; 2018. p. 2255\u201364.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10347-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PellegriniS EssA SchindlerK vanGoolL.You'll never walk alone: modeling social behavior for multi\u2010target tracking. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision; 2009. p. 261\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b2697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2012\/02\/P02002"}],"container-title":["Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.2180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T09:36:56Z","timestamp":1692524216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cav.2180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cav.2180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cav.2180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-4261","1546-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-4261","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-427X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}