{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T12:50:48Z","timestamp":1725367848298},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,10]],"date-time":"2003-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>We have created a system for music search and retrieval. A user sings a theme from the desired piece of music. The sung theme (query) is converted into a sequence of pitch\u2010intervals and rhythms. This sequence is compared to musical themes (targets) stored in a database. The top pieces are returned to the user in order of similarity to the sung theme. We describe, in detail, two different approaches to measuring similarity between database themes and the sung query. In the first, queries are compared to database themes using standard string\u2010alignment algorithms. Here, similarity between target and query is determined by edit cost. In the second approach, pieces in the database are represented as hidden Markov models (HMMs). In this approach, the query is treated as an observation sequence and a target is judged similar to the query if its HMM has a high likelihood of generating the query. In this article we report our approach to the construction of a target database of themes, encoding, and transcription of user queries, and the results of preliminary experimentation with a set of sung queries. Our experiments show that while no approach is clearly superior to the other system, string matching has a slight advantage. Moreover, neither approach surpasses human performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,4]],"date-time":"2004-02-04T09:00:22Z","timestamp":1075885222000},"page":"283-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Name that tune: A pilot study in finding a melody from a sung query"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonah","family":"Shifrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William","family":"Birmingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1045\/february2002-birmingham"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Clarisse L.P. Martens J.P. et al. (2002).An auditory model based transcriber of singing sequences. Paper presented at ISMIR 2002 The 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Paris France."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Clausen M. Englebrecht R. et al. (2002).Proms: A Web\u2010based tool for searching in polyphonic music. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval Paris France October."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Dannenberg R.(1984).An on\u2010line algorithm for real\u2010time accompaniment. Paper presented at the International Computer Music Conferences Paris: France."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Doraisamy S. &Ruger S.(2002).A comparative and fault\u2010tolerance study of the use of N\u2010grams with polyphonic music. Paper presented at ISMIR 2002 The 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Paris France October 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downie S. &Nelson M.(2000).Evaluation of a simple and effective music information retrieval method. Paper presented at the 23rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval Athens Greece July 24\u201328 2000.","DOI":"10.1145\/345508.345551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511790492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durey A.S. &Clements M.(2001).Melody spotting using hidden Markov models. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval Bloomington IN October 2001.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2002.1006105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90398-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Hoos H. Rentz K. et al. (2001).GUIDO\/MIR\u2014An experimental musical information retrieval system based on GUIDO music notation. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval Bloomington IN October 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Hu N. Dannenberg R. et al. (2002).A probabilistic model of melodic similarity. Paper presented at the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC) Goteborg Sweden September 16\u201321 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"In Melodic similarity concepts, procedures, and applications","author":"Kornstadt A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNab R.J. Smith L.A. et al. (1996).Towards the digital music library: Tune retrieval from acoustic input. Proceedings of the first ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries. Bethesda MD March 20\u201323 1996.","DOI":"10.1145\/226931.226934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Meek C. &Birmingham W.P.(2002).Johnny can't sing: A comprehensive error model for sung music queries. Paper presented at ISMIR 2002 The 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Paris France October 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"The Complete MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification","author":"MIDI Manufacturers Association","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(70)90057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Pardo B. &Birmingham W.P.(2001).Following a musical performance from a partially specified score. Paper presented at the Multimedia Technology Applications Conference Irvine CA February 8\u201310 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Pardo B. &Birmingham W.(2002).Improved score following for acoustic performances. Paper presented at the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC) Goteborg Sweden."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Pardo B. &Birmingham W.P.(2002).Encoding timing information for musical query matching. Paper presented at ISMIR 2002 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval Paris France October 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Pickens J.(2000).A comparison of language modeling and probabilistic text information retrieval. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval Plymouth MA October 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Puckette M. &Lippe C.(1992).Score following in practice. Paper presented at International Computer Music Conference San Jose CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of speech recognition","author":"Rabiner L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.761266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shifrin J. Pardo B. et al. (2002).HMM\u2010based musical query retrieval. Paper presented at the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries Portland Oregon.","DOI":"10.1145\/544220.544291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Model\u2010based segmentation of time\u2010frequency Images for musical transcription","author":"Sterian A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.876309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng Y.H.(1999).Content\u2010based retrieval for music collections. Paper presented at the ACM International Conference on Information Retrieval (SIGIR) Berkeley CA August 15\u201319 1999.","DOI":"10.1145\/312624.312675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uitdenbogerd A. &Zobel J.(1999).Melodic matching techniques for large music databases. Paper presented at the Seventh ACM International Conference on Multimedia Orlando FL October 30\u2013November 5 1999.","DOI":"10.1145\/319463.319470"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.10373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.10373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T22:05:00Z","timestamp":1696975500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.10373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.10373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.10373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-2882","1532-2890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-2882","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,10]]}}}