{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T06:46:00Z","timestamp":1697438760823},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,24]],"date-time":"2003-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1048464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Type\/Token\u2010Taken informetrics is a new part of informetrics that studies the use of items rather than the items itself. Here, items are the objects that are produced by the sources (e.g., journals producing articles, authors producing papers, etc.). In linguistics a source is also called a type (e.g., a word), and an item a token (e.g., the use of words in texts). In informetrics, types that occur often, for example, in a database will also be requested often, for example, in information retrieval. The relative use of these occurrences will be higher than their relative occurrences itself; hence, the name Type\/Token\u2010Taken informetrics. This article studies the frequency distribution of Type\/Token\u2010Taken informetrics, starting from the one of Type\/Token informetrics (i.e., source\u2013item relationships). We are also studying the average number \u03bc* of item uses in Type\/Token\u2010Taken informetrics and compare this with the classical average number \u03bc in Type\/Token informetrics. We show that \u03bc* \u2265 \u03bc always, and that \u03bc* is an increasing function of \u03bc. A method is presented to actually calculate \u03bc* from \u03bc, and a given \u03b1, which is the exponent in Lotka's frequency distribution of Type\/Token informetrics. We leave open the problem of developing non\u2010Lotkaian Type\/Token\u2010Taken informetrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,14]],"date-time":"2003-04-14T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1050314565000},"page":"603-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Type\/Token\u2010Taken informetrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Leo","family":"Egghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Sources of information on specific subjects","volume":"137","author":"Bradford S.C.","year":"1934","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2982096"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"Egghe L.(1989).The duality of informetric systems with applications to the empirical laws. Ph.D. Thesis The City University London (UK)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159001600105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(92)90036-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005634925734"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Egghe L.(2003).The source\u2010item coverage of the Lotha function. Preprint."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"Introduction to informetrics. Quantitative methods in library, documentation and information science","author":"Egghe L.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Type\u2010Token mathematics. A textbook of mathematical linguistics","author":"Herdan G.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","volume-title":"Quantitative linguistics","author":"Herdan G.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"Kilgour F.G. Long P.L. &Leiderman E.B.(1970).Retrieval of bibliographic entries from a name\u2010title catalog by use of truncated search keys. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science 7 79\u201382."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"The frequency distribution of scientific productivity","volume":"16","author":"Lotka A.J.","year":"1926","journal-title":"Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159001600108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199206)43:5<391::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","volume-title":"Introduction to modern information retrieval","author":"Salton G.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"Stinson E.R.(1981).Diachronous versus synchronous study of obsolescence. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Illinois."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158701300201"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","volume-title":"Human behavior and the principle of least effort","author":"Zipf G.K.","year":"1949"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.10247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.10247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T03:08:53Z","timestamp":1695697733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.10247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.10247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.10247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-2882","1532-2890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-2882","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,24]]}}}