{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:17:05Z","timestamp":1703290625864},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,14]],"date-time":"2001-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>This article compares search effectiveness when using query\u2010based Internet search (via the Google search engine), directory\u2010based search (via Yahoo), and phrase\u2010based query reformulation\u2010assisted search (via the Hyperindex browser) by means of a controlled, user\u2010based experimental study. The focus was to evaluate aspects of the search process. Cognitive load was measured using a secondary digit\u2010monitoring task to quantify the effort of the user in various search states; independent relevance judgements were employed to gauge the quality of the documents accessed during the search process and time was monitored as a function of search state. Results indicated directory\u2010based search does not offer increased relevance over the query\u2010based search (with or without query formulation assistance), and also takes longer. Query reformulation does significantly improve the relevance of the documents through which the user must trawl, particularly when the formulation of query terms is more difficult. However, the improvement in document relevance comes at the cost of increased search time, although this difference is quite small when the search is self\u2010terminated. In addition, the advantage of the query reformulation seems to occur as a consequence of providing more discriminating terms rather than by increasing the length of queries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T16:32:22Z","timestamp":1030293142000},"page":"120-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Web searching: A process\u2010oriented experimental study of three interactive search paradigms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Dennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bruza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anick P.G. &Tipirneni S.(1999).The paraphrase search assistant: Terminological feedback for iterative information seeking. 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