Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
• ² Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
• ³ Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
• ⁶ Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
• ⁷ Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
• ¹¹ Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
• ¹² Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹³ Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
• ¹⁴ Natural History Museum, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
• ¹⁵ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT, campus de Rondonópolis, Cuiabá, Brazil.
• ¹⁶ Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• ¹⁷ Graduate Program in Genome Sciences and Technology, Genome Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ¹⁸ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ¹⁹ Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Xalapa, Mexico.
• ²⁰ School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ²¹ Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
• ²² Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
• ²³ Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.
• ²⁴ Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Mexico.
• ²⁵ Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
• ²⁶ Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ²⁷ Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
• ²⁸ Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
• ²⁹ Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
• ³⁰ Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA.
• ³¹ Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
• ³² Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ³³ Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
• ³⁴ Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA.
• ³⁵ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
• ³⁶ Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ³⁷ School of Agriculture and Environment, Wildlife and Ecology group, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand.
• ³⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ³⁹ Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
• ⁴⁰ Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
• ⁴¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
• ⁴² Louis Calder Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA.
• ⁴³ Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
• ⁴⁴ School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁴⁶ iBIOTROP Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán AC, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
• ⁴⁹ School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
• ⁵⁰ Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai 200231, China.
• ⁵¹ Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁵² Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ⁵³ Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁵⁴ IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• ⁵⁵ Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁵⁸ ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Environmental Studies, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA.
• ⁶¹ Department of Biology, Minneapolis Community and Technical College, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• ⁶² Department of Natural Sciences, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
• ⁶³ Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
• ⁶⁵ Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁶⁶ Corporación Científica Ingeobosque, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
• ⁶⁷ GTA Colombia S.A.S. Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia.
• ⁶⁸ Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA.
• ⁷⁰ Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• ⁷¹ Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.
• ⁷² Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
• ⁷³ Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁷⁴ NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
• ⁷⁵ Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Mexico.
• ⁷⁶ School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
• ⁷⁷ Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
• ⁷⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
• ⁷⁹ Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
• ⁸⁰ Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
• ⁸¹ Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
• ⁸² BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
• ⁸³ Alaska Center for Conservation Science, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
• ⁸⁴ Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁸⁵ Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
• ⁸⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
• ⁸⁷ Departments of Microbiology & Statistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
• ⁸⁸ Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
• ⁸⁹ Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
• ⁹⁰ BioProtection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand.
• ⁹¹ Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
• ⁹² Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• ⁹³ Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹⁴ Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
• ⁹⁵ ICB - University of Talca, Chile.
• ⁹⁶ School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
• ⁹⁷ College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
• ⁹⁸ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁹⁹ School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁰ Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
• ¹⁰¹ Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA.
• ¹⁰² School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
• ¹⁰³ Departamento de Ecología Humana, Cinvestav Mérida, Yucatan, México.
• ¹⁰⁴ Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
• ¹⁰⁵ Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile.
• ¹⁰⁶ Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
• ¹⁰⁷ Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
• ¹⁰⁸ Escuela Superiro de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero -CONACYT, Las Tunas, Mexico.
• ¹⁰⁹ Clarkson Secondary School, Peel District School Board, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
• ¹¹⁰ Homelands Sr. Public School, Peel District School Board, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
• ¹¹¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ¹¹² St. James Catholic Global Learning Centre, Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, Mississauga ON, Canada.
• ¹¹³ Department of Biosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
• ¹¹⁴ Ecological Processes Branch, U.S. Army ERDC-CERL, Champaign, IL, USA.
• ¹¹⁵ Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA.
• ¹¹⁶ Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico.
• ¹¹⁷ Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
• ¹¹⁸ Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ¹¹⁹ Urban Wildlife Institute, Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA.
• ¹²⁰ Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
• ¹²¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
• ¹²² Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.
• ¹²³ Department of Biology, Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ, USA.
• ¹²⁴ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT, campus de Rondonópolis, Brasil.
• ¹²⁵ Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
• ¹²⁶ Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
• ¹²⁷ Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
• ¹²⁸ School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• ¹²⁹ Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
• ¹³⁰ Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
• ¹³¹ Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
• ¹³² Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
• ¹³³ Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701.
• ¹³⁴ Agriculture Institute, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
• ¹³⁵ Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA.
• ¹³⁶ Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
• ¹³⁷ Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹³⁸ Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
• ¹³⁹ Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
• ¹⁴⁰ Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Centro GEMA- Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
• ¹⁴¹ Evolutionary Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
• ¹⁴² Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada.
• ¹⁴³ Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
• ¹⁴⁴ Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
• ¹⁴⁵ Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
• ¹⁴⁶ Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ¹⁴⁷ Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
• ¹⁴⁸ Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ¹⁴⁹ Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹⁵⁰ Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnologia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
• ¹⁵¹ Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Long Island, NY, USA.
• ¹⁵² Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
• ¹⁵³ Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ¹⁵⁴ Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ¹⁵⁵ Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
• ¹⁵⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
• ¹⁵⁷ Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
• ¹⁵⁸ Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Urban Ecology and Sustainability, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
• ¹⁵⁹ Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
• ¹⁶⁰ Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
• ¹⁶¹ Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
• ¹⁶² Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
• ¹⁶³ Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
• ¹⁶⁴ Organization for Programs on Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
• ¹⁶⁵ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France.
• ¹⁶⁶ Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA.
• ¹⁶⁷ General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
• ¹⁶⁸ International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
• ¹⁶⁹ Science, Technology and Society Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
• ¹⁷⁰ SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹⁷¹ Department of Biology, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, USA.
• ¹⁷² Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
• ¹⁷³ Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ¹⁷⁴ UMR 0980 BAGAP, Agrocampus Ouest-ESA-INRA, Rennes, France.
• ¹⁷⁵ Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
• ¹⁷⁶ Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA.
• ¹⁷⁷ College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/ Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, Hubei, China.
• ¹⁷⁸ School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
• ¹⁷⁹ School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
• ¹⁸⁰ Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• ¹⁸¹ Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.