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. 2021 Jun 5;21(1):1069.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10751-7.

Spatiotemporal assessment of health burden and economic losses attributable to short-term exposure to ground-level ozone during 2015-2018 in China

Zihan Zhang  1 , Minghong Yao  1 , Wenjing Wu  1 , Xing Zhao  2 , Juying Zhang  3
Affiliations

Spatiotemporal assessment of health burden and economic losses attributable to short-term exposure to ground-level ozone during 2015-2018 in China

Zihan Zhang et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is currently the one of the severe environmental problems in China. Although existing studies have quantified the O3-related health impact and economic loss, few have focused on the acute health effects of short-term exposure to O3 and have been limited to a single temporal and spatial dimension.

Methods: Based on the O3 concentration obtained from ground monitoring networks in 334 Chinese cities in 2015-2018, this study used a two-stage exposure parameter weighted Log-linear exposure-response function to estimate the cause-specific mortality for short-term exposure to O3.

Results: The value of statistical life (VSL) method that were used to calculate the economic loss at the city-level. Our results show that in China, the national all-cause mortality attributed to O3 was 0.27(95% CI: 0.14-0.55) to 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20-0.67) million across 2015-2018. The estimated economic loss caused by O3 was 387.76 (95% CI: 195.99-904.50) to 594.08 (95% CI: 303.34-1140.65) billion CNY, accounting for 0.52 to 0.69% of total reported GDP. Overall, the O3 attributed health and economic burden has begun to decline in China since 2017. However, highly polluted areas still face severe burden, and undeveloped areas suffer from high GDP losses.

Conclusions: There are substantial health impacts and economic losses related to short-term O3 exposure in China. The government should pay attention to the emerging ozone pollution, and continue to strengthen the intervention in traditional priority areas while solving the pollution problem in non-priority areas.

Keywords: China; Economic loss; Exposure factors; Health impact; Ozone; Short-term.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The city-specific annual 90th percentile daily maximum 8-h O3 concentrations in 2015 (a), 2016 (b), 2017 (c) and 2018 (d). The map was generated using the ArcMap 10.5 software, and the shape file were built-in resources of the software
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The city-specific nonattainment rate of CNAAQS Grade I (a - d) and Grade II (e - h) during 2015–2018. The map was generated using the ArcMap 10.5 software, and the shape file were built-in resources of the software
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The city-specific O3-realted all-cause mortality in 334 Chinese cities in 2015 (a), 2016 (b), 2017 (c) and 2018 (d). The map was generated using the ArcMap 10.5 software, and the shape file were built-in resources of the software
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Provincial-level all-cause (a), cardiovascular (b) and respiratory (c) disease premature death (thousand) due to ozone short-term exposure during 2015–2018
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The city-specific economic losses of O3-related all-cause mortality in 334 Chinese cities in 2015 (a), 2016 (b), 2017 (c) and 2018 (d). The map was generated using the ArcMap 10.5 software, and the shape file were built-in resources of the software
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The city-specific GDP impact of O3-related all-cause mortality in 334 Chinese cities in 2015 (a), 2016 (b), 2017 (c) and 2018 (d). The map was generated using the ArcMap 10.5 software, and the shape file were built-in resources of the software
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Provincial-level economic loss (billion) (a) and GDP impact (%) (b) due to premature death attributable to O3 short-term exposure during 2015–2018
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