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. 2019 Mar 30;19(7):1552.
doi: 10.3390/s19071552.

Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites

Elvira Armenio  1 , Mouldi Ben Meftah  2 , Diana De Padova  3 , Francesca De Serio  4   5 , Michele Mossa  6   7
Affiliations

Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites

Elvira Armenio et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The present work aims at illustrating how the joint use of monitoring data and numerical models can be beneficial in understanding coastal processes. In the first part, we show and discuss an annual dataset provided by a monitoring system installed in a vulnerable coastal basin located in Southern Italy, subjected to human and industrial pressures. The collected data have been processed and analysed to detect the temporal evolution of the most representative parameters of the inspected site and have been compared with recordings from previous years to investigate recursive trends. In the second part, to demonstrate to what extent such type of monitoring actions is necessary and useful, the same data have been used to calibrate and run a 3D hydrodynamic model. After this, a reliable circulation pattern in the basin has been reproduced. Successively, an oil pollution transport model has been added to the hydrodynamic model, with the aim to present the response of the basin to some hypothetical cases of oil spills, caused by a ship failure. It is evident that the profitable prediction of the hydrodynamic processes and the transport and dispersion of contaminants strictly depends on the quality and reliability of the input data as well as on the calibration made.

Keywords: current circulation; monitoring station; numerical modelling; oil spilling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of Mar Grande basin and location of the monitoring station MG.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Conceptual scheme of the monitoring system MG.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Wind polar diagrams for 2015: (a) winter; (b) summer. Incoming wind directions are shown.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Seasonal trend of the significant wave heights (in m): (a) winter 2015; (b) summer 2015. Wave propagation directions are shown.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Seasonal currents (in m/s) near the sea surface in 2015 (a) winter and (b) summer. Direction of current propagation is shown.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Seasonal currents (in m/s) near the bottom in 2015 (a) winter and (b) summer. Directions of current propagation is shown.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Computation domain used for the numerical simulations. The location of the hypothetical ship’s failure is also shown. UTM coordinates used.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comparison between time series of observed and simulated current speed at the selected point.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Test T1. Dec. 12 at 18:00. (a) Model wind fields; (b) Surface current field; (c) Oil slicks.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Test T1. Dec. 13, at 18:00. (a) Model wind fields; (b) Surface currents; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Test T1. Dec. 13, at 18:00. (a) Model wind fields; (b) Surface currents; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Test T1. Dec. 14, at 18:00. (a) Model wind fields; (b) Surface currents; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Test T2. July 13, at 00:00. (a) Model wind fields (b) Surface currents; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Test T2. July 13, at 00:00. (a) Model wind fields (b) Surface currents; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Test T2. July 13, at 12:00. (a) Model wind fields (b) Surface currents; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Test T2. July 14, at 00:00. (a) Model wind fields (b) Surface current field from; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Test T2. July 14, at 00:00. (a) Model wind fields (b) Surface current field from; (c) Oil slicks. Legends as in Figure 9.
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References

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