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. 2019 Feb 15;19(4):797.
doi: 10.3390/s19040797.

High Sensitive Night-time Light Imaging Camera Design and In-orbit Test of Luojia1-01 Satellite

Zhiqiang Su  1 , Xing Zhong  2   3 , Guo Zhang  4 , Yanjie Li  5 , Xiaojun He  6   7 , Qiang Wang  8 , Zongxi Wei  9 , Chunling He  10 , Deren Li  11
Affiliations

High Sensitive Night-time Light Imaging Camera Design and In-orbit Test of Luojia1-01 Satellite

Zhiqiang Su et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Luojia1-01 satellite is the first scientific experimental satellite applied for night-time light remote sensing data acquisition, and the payload is an optical camera with high sensitivity, high radiation measurement accuracy and stable elements of interior orientation. At the same time, a special shaped hood is designed, which significantly improved the ability of the camera to suppress stray light. Camera electronics adopts the integrated design of focal plane and imaging processing, which greatly reduces the volume and weight of the system. In this paper, the design of the optical camera is summarized, and the results of in-orbit imaging performance tests are analyzed. The results show that the dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) of the camera is better than 0.17, and the SNR is better than 35 dB under the condition of 10 lx illuminance and 0.3 reflectivity and all indicators meet the design requirements. The data obtained have been widely applied in many fields such as the process of urbanization, light pollution analysis, marine fisheries detection and military.

Keywords: Luojia1-01 satellite; night-time light camera; remote sensing; signal to noise ratio; special shaped hood.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Spectral response curve for the detector.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The relationship between MTF (modulation transfer function) limited by diffraction and F number.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between SNR(signal to noise ratio) and F-No. of optical system.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The structure of the optical system.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Modulation transfer function curves of the optical system.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Optical system’s structure with compensation lens.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The relationship between MTF limited by diffraction and F number.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Mechanical structure of the camera.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The relationship between solar vector and the camera coordinate system.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The changes of the angle between the solar vector and orbital plane changes in one year.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The angle between solar vector and camera axis.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Profile of the camera’s special shaped hood.
Figure 13
Figure 13
PST curves of the camera.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Different frames of night-time light image of Moscow area in one orbit. (a) normal image with the angle between axis and solar vector greater than 52 degree; (b) image effected by stray light with the angle between axis and solar vector less than 52 degree.
Figure 15
Figure 15
(a) Original image of low gain and high gain mode; (b) HDR image constructed by low gain and high gain image.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Line target in an image.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Dynamic modulation transfer function curves of Luojia1-01 satellite.
Figure 18
Figure 18
SNR(signal to noise ratio) tested results of the images. (a) the relationship between SNR and radiance of optical entrance; (b) the relationship between SNR and illuminance of targets with reflectivity of 0.3 and atmosphere’s transmittance of 0.6.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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