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Review
. 2019 Jan 15;19(2):322.
doi: 10.3390/s19020322.

Optimized Clustering Algorithms for Large Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Affiliations
Review

Optimized Clustering Algorithms for Large Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Damien Wohwe Sambo et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

During the past few years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become widely used due to their large amount of applications. The use of WSNs is an imperative necessity for future revolutionary areas like ecological fields or smart cities in which more than hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes are deployed. In those large scale WSNs, hierarchical approaches improve the performance of the network and increase its lifetime. Hierarchy inside a WSN consists in cutting the whole network into sub-networks called clusters which are led by Cluster Heads. In spite of the advantages of the clustering on large WSNs, it remains a non-deterministic polynomial hard problem which is not solved efficiently by traditional clustering. The recent researches conducted on Machine Learning, Computational Intelligence, and WSNs bring out the optimized clustering algorithms for WSNs. These kinds of clustering are based on environmental behaviors and outperform the traditional clustering algorithms. However, due to the diversity of WSN applications, the choice of an appropriate paradigm for a clustering solution remains a problem. In this paper, we conduct a wide review of proposed optimized clustering solutions nowadays. In order to evaluate them, we consider 10 parameters. Based on these parameters, we propose a comparison of these optimized clustering approaches. From the analysis, we observe that centralized clustering solutions based on the Swarm Intelligence paradigm are more adapted for applications with low energy consumption, high data delivery rate, or high scalability than algorithms based on the other presented paradigms. Moreover, when an application does not need a large amount of nodes within a field, the Fuzzy Logic based solution are suitable.

Keywords: clustering; computational intelligence; large wireless sensor networks; machine learning; metaheuristic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of routing protocol in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Classification of optimized clustering algorithms according to the Computational Intelligence (CI).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fuzzy set for input variables of the distance between node and the BS (40).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Presentation of the Genetic Algorithm model.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A simple Neural Network model.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Presentation of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) model.

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