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. 2018 Sep 1;18(9):2900.
doi: 10.3390/s18092900.

Potentiality of Using Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Imagery to Investigate Artificial Light Pollution

Wei Jiang  1   2 , Guojin He  3   4   5 , Tengfei Long  6   7   8 , Hongxiang Guo  9   10 , Ranyu Yin  11   12 , Wanchun Leng  13   14 , Huichan Liu  15   16   17 , Guizhou Wang  18   19   20
Affiliations

Potentiality of Using Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Imagery to Investigate Artificial Light Pollution

Wei Jiang et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The successful launch of Luojia 1-01 complements the existing nighttime light data with a high spatial resolution of 130 m. This paper is the first study to assess the potential of using Luojia 1-01 nighttime light imagery for investigating artificial light pollution. Eight Luojia 1-01 images were selected to conduct geometric correction. Then, the ability of Luojia 1-01 to detect artificial light pollution was assessed from three aspects, including the comparison between Luojia 1-01 and the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS), the source of artificial light pollution and the patterns of urban light pollution. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of Luojia 1-01 were discussed. The results showed the following: (1) Luojia 1-01 can detect a higher dynamic range and capture the finer spatial details of artificial nighttime light. (2) The averages of the artificial light brightness were different between various land use types. The brightness of the artificial light pollution of airports, streets, and commercial services is high, while dark areas include farmland and rivers. (3) The light pollution patterns of four cities decreased away from the urban core and the total light pollution is highly related to the economic development. Our findings confirm that Luojia 1-01 can be effectively used to investigate artificial light pollution. Some limitations of Luojia 1-01, including its spectral range, radiometric calibration and the effects of clouds and moonlight, should be researched in future studies.

Keywords: Luojia 1-01; NPP/VIIRS; human activity; light pollution; nighttime light imagery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Nighttime imagery from DMSP-OLS, NPP-VIIRS and Luojia 1-01 in Wuhan, China: (a) is DMSP-OLS in 2013, (b) is NPP-VIIRS in May 2018; (c) is Luojia 1-01 on 13 June 2018.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The distribution of the experiment images: (a) image of Wuhan in China; (b) image of Hangzhou and Shanghai in China; (c) image of Seoul in South Korea; (d) image of Busan in South Korea; (e) image of Baghdad in Iraq; (f) image of Haifa in Israel; (g) image of Amsterdam in the Netherlands; (h) image of Mexico City in Mexico.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The geolocating performance of LuoJia1-01 nighttime light imagery: (a) refers to the performance before ortho-rectification; (b) refers to the performance after geometric correction.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The scatter plot between Luojia 1-01 and Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) for six cities: (a) refers to Busan; (b) refers to Haifa; (c) refers to Hangzhou; (d) refers to Mexico City; (e) refers to Seoul; (f) refers to Wuhan.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Latitudinal transects of the nighttime light DN between LuoJia1-01 and Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS): (a) refers to Wuhan; (b) refers to Hangzhou; (c) refers to Seoul; (d) refers to Mexico City.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Digital number (DN) brightness for each land use type.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Validation of the high artificial light pollution with high-resolution images: (a–c) represent high artificial light pollution in airports; (d–f) represent high artificial light pollution in ports; (g–i) represent high artificial light pollution in industrial bases; (j–l) represent high artificial light pollution in landmark buildings; (m–o) represent high artificial light pollution regarding fishing. (a–l) are the LuoJia1-01 nighttime light images overlaid on Google Earth high-resolution images with 50% transparency. (m–o) are LuoJia1-01 nighttime light images.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The artificial nighttime light along roads: (a) refers to the Xinshi road in Wuhan; (b) refers to the Shengxin road in Ningbo. (a) and (b) are the LuoJia1-01 nighttime light images overlaid on Google Earth high-resolution images with 50% transparency.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Average luminary brightness within multiple buffers: (a) refers to Xinshi road in Wuhan; (b) refers to Shengxin road in Ningbo.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Urban light pollution patterns: (a) refers to Wuhan; (b) refers to Seoul; (c) refers to Haifa; (d) refers to Mexico City.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The areas and area percentages of different light pollution levels.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The correlation between the total light pollution area (refers to three light pollution level areas) and gross domestic product (GDP).
Figure 13
Figure 13
The quality of Luojia 1-01 nighttime light imagery with clouds and a full moon: (a) refers to the nighttime light imagery with clouds in Shanghai, China; (b) refers to the nighttime light imagery with a full moon near Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Figure 14
Figure 14
The gas fire captured by Luojia 1-01 nighttime light imagery in Iraq: (a) is the nighttime light image overlaid on a Google Earth high-resolution image with 50% transparency; (b–e) are the gas fires shown in Google Earth high-resolution images.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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