Smart Device-Supported BDS/GNSS Real-Time Kinematic Positioning for Sub-Meter-Level Accuracy in Urban Location-Based Services - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2016 Dec 21;16(12):2201.
doi: 10.3390/s16122201.

Smart Device-Supported BDS/GNSS Real-Time Kinematic Positioning for Sub-Meter-Level Accuracy in Urban Location-Based Services

Liang Wang  1   2 , Zishen Li  3   4 , Jiaojiao Zhao  5   6 , Kai Zhou  7 , Zhiyu Wang  8   9 , Hong Yuan  10
Affiliations

Smart Device-Supported BDS/GNSS Real-Time Kinematic Positioning for Sub-Meter-Level Accuracy in Urban Location-Based Services

Liang Wang et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Using mobile smart devices to provide urban location-based services (LBS) with sub-meter-level accuracy (around 0.5 m) is a major application field for future global navigation satellite system (GNSS) development. Real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning, which is a widely used GNSS-based positioning approach, can improve the accuracy from about 10-20 m (achieved by the standard positioning services) to about 3-5 cm based on the geodetic receivers. In using the smart devices to achieve positioning with sub-meter-level accuracy, a feasible solution of combining the low-cost GNSS module and the smart device is proposed in this work and a user-side GNSS RTK positioning software was developed from scratch based on the Android platform. Its real-time positioning performance was validated by BeiDou Navigation Satellite System/Global Positioning System (BDS/GPS) combined RTK positioning under the conditions of a static and kinematic (the velocity of the rover was 50-80 km/h) mode in a real urban environment with a SAMSUNG Galaxy A7 smartphone. The results show that the fixed-rates of ambiguity resolution (the proportion of epochs of ambiguities fixed) for BDS/GPS combined RTK in the static and kinematic tests were about 97% and 90%, respectively, and the average positioning accuracies (RMS) were better than 0.15 m (horizontal) and 0.25 m (vertical) for the static test, and 0.30 m (horizontal) and 0.45 m (vertical) for the kinematic test.

Keywords: BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS); global navigation satellite system (GNSS); location-based services (LBS); real-time kinematic (RTK); smart devices.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Framework of an RTK service system based on smart devices.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The statistical results of the length of the latency time of the corrections.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Operation interfaces of user-side positioning software: (a) the interface for displaying the user’s position on a map; (b) the interface for setting the positioning parameters; and (c) the interface for the current sky plot of visible satellites.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The experimental setup.
Figure 5
Figure 5
User sites in the static tests.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The number of visible satellites and the corresponding DOPs in the static test: (a) experiment S1; (b) experiment S2; and (c) experiment S3.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The vehicle trajectories of kinematic experiments K1, K2, and K3.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The number of visible satellites and the corresponding DOPs in the kinematic test: (a) experiment K1; (b) experiment K2; and (c) experiment K3.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Positioning errors of experiment S1 (top), S2 (middle), and S3 (bottom) in the static test.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Positioning errors of experiment K1 (top), K2 (middle), and K3 (bottom) in the kinematic test.
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