Assessing visual attention using eye tracking sensors in intelligent cognitive therapies based on serious games - PubMed Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 May 12;15(5):11092-117.
doi: 10.3390/s150511092.

Assessing visual attention using eye tracking sensors in intelligent cognitive therapies based on serious games

Maite Frutos-Pascual  1 , Begonya Garcia-Zapirain  2
Affiliations

Assessing visual attention using eye tracking sensors in intelligent cognitive therapies based on serious games

Maite Frutos-Pascual et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This study examines the use of eye tracking sensors as a means to identify children's behavior in attention-enhancement therapies. For this purpose, a set of data collected from 32 children with different attention skills is analyzed during their interaction with a set of puzzle games. The authors of this study hypothesize that participants with better performance may have quantifiably different eye-movement patterns from users with poorer results. The use of eye trackers outside the research community may help to extend their potential with available intelligent therapies, bringing state-of-the-art technologies to users. The use of gaze data constitutes a new information source in intelligent therapies that may help to build new approaches that are fully-customized to final users' needs. This may be achieved by implementing machine learning algorithms for classification. The initial study of the dataset has proven a 0.88 (±0.11) classification accuracy with a random forest classifier, using cross-validation and hierarchical tree-based feature selection. Further approaches need to be examined in order to establish more detailed attention behaviors and patterns among children with and without attention problems.

Keywords: attention; children; eye tracker; intelligent therapies; serious games.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different levels of the task.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Participant using the system while his gaze is being recorded.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Raw data processing.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Raw data processing [48].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Outlier detection process.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Time vs. correct answers: user performance.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Participants with the best performance results.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Participants with the worst performance results.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Fixation data: best and weakest performers. (a) No. of fixations vs. fixation avg. duration, best performers; (b) No. of fixations vs. fixation avg. duration, weaker performers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Samuelsson I.P., Carlsson M.A. The playing learning child: Towards a pedagogy of early childhood. Scand. J. Educ. Res. 2008;52:623–641.
    1. Tobail A., Crowe J., Arisha A. Learning by gaming: Supply chain application. Proceedings of the IEEE Proceedings of the 2011 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC); Phoenix, AZ, USA. 11–14 December 2011; pp. 3935–3946.
    1. Muir M., Conati C. Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Springer; Crete, Greece: 2012. An analysis of attention to student—Adaptive hints in an educational game; pp. 112–122.
    1. Klami A. Inferring task-relevant image regions from gaze data. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP); Kittilä, Finland. 29 August–1 September 2010; pp. 101–106.
    1. Just M.A., Carpenter P.A. A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychol. Rev. 1980;87:329–354. - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources