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Review
. 2014 Apr 23;14(4):7394-419.
doi: 10.3390/s140407394.

Fiber Bragg grating sensors toward structural health monitoring in composite materials: challenges and solutions

Damien Kinet  1 , Patrice Mégret  2 , Keith W Goossen  3 , Liang Qiu  4 , Dirk Heider  5 , Christophe Caucheteur  6
Affiliations
Review

Fiber Bragg grating sensors toward structural health monitoring in composite materials: challenges and solutions

Damien Kinet et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Nowadays, smart composite materials embed miniaturized sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in order to mitigate the risk of failure due to an overload or to unwanted inhomogeneity resulting from the fabrication process. Optical fiber sensors, and more particularly fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, outperform traditional sensor technologies, as they are lightweight, small in size and offer convenient multiplexing capabilities with remote operation. They have thus been extensively associated to composite materials to study their behavior for further SHM purposes. This paper reviews the main challenges arising from the use of FBGs in composite materials. The focus will be made on issues related to temperature-strain discrimination, demodulation of the amplitude spectrum during and after the curing process as well as connection between the embedded optical fibers and the surroundings. The main strategies developed in each of these three topics will be summarized and compared, demonstrating the large progress that has been made in this field in the past few years.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Reflected amplitude spectrum of a 1 cm long uniform FBG.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bragg wavelength shift as a function of a temperature change (a) and a mechanical axial strain (b).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Bragg wavelength shifts as a function of strain and temperature for both FBGs integrated into the composite material sample.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Bragg wavelength shifts of both grating types as a function of strain and temperature.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Wavelength shifts as a function of strain and temperature for the Bragg and ghost mode resonances.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Operating principle of the edge filter (a) and tunable filter (b) techniques.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
OFDR trace for 10 identical FBGs cascaded in an optical fiber embedded into a composite material fabric and corresponding photon-counting OTDR trace.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Protective loose tube in Teflon around the optical fiber.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Main steps towards the integration of surface-mounted connector, from [113].
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Edge connector made with the SLA technique (sketch and realization from [119]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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