MMP-2 and TIMP-1 predict healing of WTC-lung injury in New York City firefighters - PubMed Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2014 Jan 21;15(1):5.
doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-5.

MMP-2 and TIMP-1 predict healing of WTC-lung injury in New York City firefighters

Anna Nolan, Sophia Kwon, Soo Jung Cho, Bushra Naveed, Ashley L Comfort, David J Prezant, William N Rom, Michael D Weiden  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

MMP-2 and TIMP-1 predict healing of WTC-lung injury in New York City firefighters

Anna Nolan et al. Respir Res. .

Abstract

Rationale: After 9/11/2001, most FDNY workers had persistent lung function decline but some exposed workers recovered. We hypothesized that the protease/anti-protease balance in serum soon after exposure predicts subsequent recovery.

Methods: We performed a nested case-control study measuring biomarkers in serum drawn before 3/2002 and subsequent forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) on repeat spirometry before 3/2008. Serum was assayed for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1,2,3,7,8,9,12 and 13) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1,2,3,4). The representative sub-cohort defined analyte distribution and a concentration above 75th percentile defined elevated biomarker expression. An FEV1 one standard deviation above the mean defined resistance to airway injury. Logistic regression was adjusted for pre-9/11 FEV1, BMI, age and exposure intensity modeled the association between elevated biomarker expression and above average FEV1.

Results: FEV1 in cases and controls declined 10% of after 9/11/2001. Cases subsequently returned to 99% of their pre-exposure FEV1 while decline persisted in controls. Elevated TIMP-1 and MMP-2 increased the odds of resistance by 5.4 and 4.2 fold while elevated MMP-1 decreased it by 0.27 fold.

Conclusions: Resistant cases displayed healing, returning to 99% of pre-exposure values. High TIMP-1 and MMP-2 predict healing. MMP/TIMP balance reflects independent pathways to airway injury and repair after WTC exposure.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study design. Derivation of cases n = 77 and controls n = 111 from the FDNY-MMTP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FEV1% predicted of cases and controls over time. Mean (SD) expressed for cases n = 77 (green) and controls n = 111 (grey) at Pre-9/11, MME and SPE.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) of final multi-analyte model. Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.901: 95% CI (0.860-0.943).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Landrigan PJ. Health consequences of the 11 September 2001 attacks. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(11):A514–A515. doi: 10.1289/ehp.109-a514. Epub 2001/11/20. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Claudio L. Environmental aftermath. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(11):A528–A536. doi: 10.1289/ehp.109-a528. Epub 2001/11/20. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Aldrich TK, Gustave J, Hall CB, Cohen HW, Webber MP, Zeig-Owens R. et al.Lung function in rescue workers at the World Trade Center after 7 years. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(14):1263–72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0910087. Epub 2010/04/09. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weiden MD, Naveed B, Kwon S, Segal LN, Cho SJ, Tsukiji J. et al.Comparison of WTC dust size on macrophage inflammatory cytokine release in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40016. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040016. Epub 2012/07/21. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Naveed B, Weiden MD, Kwon S, Gracely EJ, Comfort AL, Ferrier N. et al.Metabolic syndrome biomarkers predict lung function impairment: a nested case–control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(4):392–399. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201109-1672OC. Epub 2011/11/19. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types