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. 2009;9(10):8349-76.
doi: 10.3390/s91008349. Epub 2009 Oct 21.

Temperature effects and compensation-control methods

Dunzhu Xia  1 , Shuling Chen, Shourong Wang, Hongsheng Li
Affiliations

Temperature effects and compensation-control methods

Dunzhu Xia et al. Sensors (Basel). 2009.

Abstract

In the analysis of the effects of temperature on the performance of microgyroscopes, it is found that the resonant frequency of the microgyroscope decreases linearly as the temperature increases, and the quality factor changes drastically at low temperatures. Moreover, the zero bias changes greatly with temperature variations. To reduce the temperature effects on the microgyroscope, temperature compensation-control methods are proposed. In the first place, a BP (Back Propagation) neural network and polynomial fitting are utilized for building the temperature model of the microgyroscope. Considering the simplicity and real-time requirements, piecewise polynomial fitting is applied in the temperature compensation system. Then, an integral-separated PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control algorithm is adopted in the temperature control system, which can stabilize the temperature inside the microgyrocope in pursuing its optimal performance. Experimental results reveal that the combination of microgyroscope temperature compensation and control methods is both realizable and effective in a miniaturized microgyroscope prototype.

Keywords: BP neural networks; microgyroscope; polynomial fitting; temperature characteristic; temperature compensation and control.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The package and SEM photos of a microgyrosocpe.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Simulation of the relationship between Q and temperature.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Simulation of relationship between the output amplitude and the temperature.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Temperature testing schemes and setup of microgyroscope.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Trend of resonant frequency with temperature in drive mode.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Trend of quality factor change with temperature in drive mode.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Trend of resonant frequency change with temperature in sense mode.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Trend of quality factor change with temperature in sense mode.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Closed-loop drive circuit test of zero bias of microgyroscope at normal temperature.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Closed-loop test of drive amplitude of microgyroscope with temperature changes.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Trend of drive amplitude change with temperature.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Closed-loop test of zero bias of microscope with temperature changes.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Trend of zero bias change with temperature.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Structure of the BP neural network adopted for modeling.
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
Training of network.
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
BP model compensation.
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
Verification of BP neural networks compensation effects.
Figure 18.
Figure 18.
Fitted curve of zero bias of microgyroscope with temperature.
Figure 19.
Figure 19.
Diagram of the temperature compensation system.
Figure 20.
Figure 20.
Zero bias of microgyroscope before and after compensation.
Figure 21.
Figure 21.
Zero bias of microgyroscope after compensation.
Figure 22.
Figure 22.
Zero bias of microgyroscope after compensation.
Figure 23.
Figure 23.
Compensated zero bias of the microgyroscope.
Figure 24.
Figure 24.
Block diagram of temperature control system.
Figure 25.
Figure 25.
Gyroscope casing design and system software flow chart.
Figure 26.
Figure 26.
Results of controlled temperature inside the integrated microgyroscope over ambient temperature changes. A---When ambient temperature remains at normal temperature of 16 °C, temperature control system starts working. B---When ambient temperature remains at 16 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope after it reaches 55 °C in 30 minutes. C---When ambient temperature decrease from 16 °C to 0 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. D---When ambient temperature is kept at 0 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. E---When ambient temperature decrease from 0 °C to −10 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. F---When ambient temperature is kept at −10 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. G---When ambient temperature decrease from −10 °C to −20 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. H---When ambient temperature is kept at −20 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. I---When ambient temperature decrease from -20 °C to −30 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. J---When ambient temperature is kept at −30 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. K---When ambient temperature increases from −30 °C to 16 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. L---When ambient temperature is kept at 16 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. M---When ambient temperature increase from 16 °C to 35 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. N---When ambient temperature is kept at 35 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. O---When ambient temperature increase from 35 °C to 45 °C, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope. P---When ambient temperature is kept at 45 °C for 20 minutes, the temperature is recorded inside the gyroscope.
Figure 27.
Figure 27.
Zero bias of Microgyrosope.
Figure 28.
Figure 28.
Mean zero bias of the microgyrosope under temperature compensation-control.
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