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. 2011 May 31;8(1):5.
doi: 10.1186/1559-0275-8-5.

Down-regulation of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) expression in breast cancer patients: a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions

Margaritis Avgeris  1 , Georgia Papachristopoulou, Athanasios Polychronis, Andreas Scorilas
Affiliations

Down-regulation of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) expression in breast cancer patients: a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions

Margaritis Avgeris et al. Clin Proteomics. .

Abstract

Background: Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) is a secreted trypsin-like protease of the KLK family, encoded by the KLK5 gene. KLK5 has been found to cleave various extracellular matrix components, as well as to activate several other KLK proteases, triggering the stimulation of tissue microenvironment proteolytic cascades.

Material and methods: KLK5 expression levels were quantified in 102 cancerous and benign breast tissue specimens, obtained by randomly chosen patients, using RT-qPCR assay. Subsequently, advanced biostatistics were applied in order to analyze the KLK5 expression profile in the two patients' cohorts and also to evaluate its clinical significance for the discrimination of breast tumors.

Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.001) down-regulation of the KLK5 expression levels were observed in the malignant specimens compared to the benign ones. Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis revealed the significant (p < 0.001) and the independent (p < 0.001) value of the KLK5 expression quantification, for the discrimination of the malignant from the benign mammary gland biopsies. Moreover, KLK5 expression levels correlate with the pre-menopausal status (p < 0.005) as well as the ER-negative staining (p = 0.028) of women with breast cancer.

Conclusions: The quantification of KLK5 expression in breast tissue biopsies may be considered as a novel and independent biomarker for the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors of the mammary gland.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative quantification of KLK5 expression in breast specimens by SYBR Green fluorescence-based Real-Time PCR. Separate calibration curves for KLK5 and HPRT1 expression were constructed from serial dilutions of BT20 breast cancer cells' total cDNA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of KLK5 mRNA expression levels of the cancerous and the non-cancerous breast tissue specimens. Horizontal lines indicate the median (50th percentile) KLK5 expression. The p value was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ROC analysis of the KLK5 expression quantification in breast cancer prediction. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) was analyzed by Hanley and McNeil method.
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