Abstract
Background: Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is an important oxidoreductase with multiple substrates, that are involved in producing extra-testicular androgens. Its activity is influenced by environmental exposures, as well as by genetic variants. These genetic variants could therefore produce variable testosterone levels and subsequent androgen receptor (AR) activation. This could lead to differential downstream production of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). As PSA level is used for clinical evaluation of the prostate, these variations could impact prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, as well as PC management outcomes. This review brings together information with regards to key functions of this enzyme, its relevance in PC, its transcriptional regulation, clinical aspects associated with genetics, differential regulation in cancer and cancer progression, and the types of AKR1C3 inhibitors with future therapeutic value.
Conclusion: Based on these discussions, hypotheses are forwarded for future applicability of this enzyme and its genetic variants in transformational medical practices in PC. Options for the use of personalised AKR1C3 inhibitor drugs for late stage PC are also discussed.Keywords: AKR1C3 rs12529, extra-testicular androgen, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate cancer (PC), cancer progression, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), AKR1C3 inhibitors.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Innovative Cancer Drug Targets: A New Horizon in Oncology
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases, with its complexity and adaptability necessitating continuous research efforts into more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in understanding the molecular and genetic basis of cancer, leading to the identification of novel drug targets. These include, but ...read more
The Impact of Cancer Neuroscience on Novel Brain Cancer Treatment
Brain cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies due to its complexity and resistance to conventional therapies. Recent advancements in cancer neuroscience have transformed our understanding of the brain's tumor microenvironment, offering promising insights into novel treatments. By studying the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the nervous system, ...read more
Unraveling the Tumor Microenvironment and Potential Therapeutic Targets: Insights from Single-Cell Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics
This special issue will focus on unraveling the complexities of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identifying key biomarkers for potential therapeutic targets using advanced multi-omics techniques, such as single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. We seek original research and comprehensive reviews that investigate the heterogeneity and dynamics of the TME, emphasizing ...read more
Related Journals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Bioactive Compounds
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Current Drug Therapy
Current Drug Delivery
Related Books
Anthocyanins: Pharmacology and Nutraceutical Importance
The Roles and Responsibilities of Clinical Pharmacists in Hospital Settings
Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Objective Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Compilation of Questions and Answers for Pharmaceutics Exam Prep
Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular and Endocrine Systems
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents
The Management of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Integrated and Expeditionary Approach
Advanced Pharmacy
74
8
1
