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Review Article

Cardiotoxicity of Biological Therapies in Cancer Patients: An In-depth Review

Author(s): Luai Madanat*, Ruby Gupta, Paul Weber, Navneet Kumar, Rohit Chandra, Hycienth Ahaneku, Yatharth Bansal, Joseph Anderson, Abhay Bilolikar and Ishmael Jaiyesimi

Volume 19, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 03 January, 2023

Article ID: e310522205428 Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X18666220531094800

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

Cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy regimens has been long reported. However, the understanding of cardiac side effects of biological therapies is rapidly evolving. With cancer patients achieving higher life expectancy due to the use of personalized medicine and novel targeted anticancer agents, the occurrence of cardiotoxicity is becoming more significant. Novel biological therapies include anti-HER2 antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bruton kinase inhibitors, antivascular endothelial growth factors, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulator drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Potential cardiovascular toxicities linked to these anticancer agents include hypertension, arrhythmias, QT prolongation, myocardial ischemia and infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, congestive heart failure, and thromboembolism. Cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography, echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging are common diagnostic modalities used for early detection of these complications and timely intervention. This review discusses the various types of cardiotoxicities caused by novel anticancer biologic agents, their molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and diagnostic and management strategies that can be used to prevent, minimize, and treat them.

Keywords: Cardiotoxicity, anticancer drugs, targeted therapies, biological therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cardiooncology.

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