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DTP:Degraded Tropical Peatland
DTP site image
General site detail (Updated 5 November 2021)
 Site name
 Degraded Tropical Peatland
 AsiaFlux site code
 DTP
 Location Kampar Peninsula, Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia
 Position 0°41'58.169" N, 102°47'35.898" E
 Elevation ~6.6m above mean sea level
 Slope <0.05° from the South to the North direction
 Terrain type
 Flat
 Area >15km2
 Fetch Minimum 3km
 Climate Tropical rain forest (Tropical-Fully humid (Af))
 Mean annual air temperature
 27 ± 1℃ (Oct 2016 to Sep 2020)
 Mean annual precipitation
 1767mm (Oct 2016 to Sep 2020)
 Vegetation type
 Tropical peat swamp forest
 Domestic species (Overstory)
 Syzygium claviflorum, Shorea teysmanniana,
 Stemonurus secundiflorus, Blumeodendron kurzii,
 Horsfieldia crassifolia and Macaranga pruinosa
 Dominant species (Understory)
 Dicranopteris linearis, Nepenthes spp., Pandanus sp
 and Cytrostachys renda
 Canopy height
 19 ± 6m
 Age -
 LAI -
 Soil type
 Peat soil; contains ~99% organic material with
 carbon content of ~50%

 Observations
 Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
 System Enclosed path CO2/H2O Analyzer (LI-7200, LI-COR Inc. USA)
 Wind speed
 Windmaster Pro Anemometer, 3-Axis Ultrasonic Anemometer
 (7900-415-50, Gill instruments Ltd, UK)
 Air temperature
 Windmaster Pro Anemometer, 3-Axis Ultrasonic Anemometer
 (7900-415-50, Gill instruments Ltd, UK)
 Water vapor
 Enclosed path CO2/H2O Analyzer (LI-7200, LI-COR Inc. USA)
 CO2 Enclosed path CO2/H2O Analyzer (LI-7200, LI-COR Inc. USA)
 Measurement height
 43.2 m
 Sampling frequency
 10 Hz
 Averaging time
 30 minutes
 Data logger
 Analyzer Interface Unit (AIU) (LI-7550, LI-COR Inc. USA)
 Data storage
 Removable flash disk (APRO, Industrial Grade USB Flash
 Disk)
 Original data
 (Raw data or statistics)
 Raw data at 10 Hz frequency

 Meteorology
 Observation items
 Levels / Depth Instrument
 Short-wave radiation
 (incoming)
 41 m CNR4 net radiometer (150471, Kipp &
 Zonen Inc. Netherlands)
 Short-wave radiation
 (outgoing)
 41 m
 CNR4 net radiometer (150471, Kipp &
 Zonen Inc. Netherlands)
 Long-wave radiation
 (incoming)
 41 m CNR4 net radiometer (150471, Kipp &
 Zonen Inc. Netherlands)
 Long-wave radiation
 (outgoing)
 41 m
 CNR4 net radiometer (150471, Kipp &
 Zonen Inc. Netherlands)
 Net radiation (balance of
 short-wave and long-wave
 radiation)
 41 m
 CNR4 net radiometer (150471, Kipp &
 Zonen Inc. Netherlands)
 Photosynthetic photon
 flux density
 41 m
 Quantum sensors (LI-190SL-50, LI-COR
 Inc. USA)
 Direct/diffuse radiation
 N/A N/A
 Direct/diffuse PPFD
 N/A N/A
 Air temperature
 3, 7, 14, 21, 40 m
 Humidity & Temperature Probe (HMP155,
 Vaisala Inc. Finland)
 Relative humidity
 3, 7, 14, 21, 40 m
 Humidity & Temperature Probe (HMP155,
 Vaisala Inc. Finland)
 Soil temperature
 -1.5 m
 Solinst Levelogger 529 Model 3001
 Soil heat flux
 -0.15 m
 Self-calibrating heat flux sensor
 (HFP01SC, Hukseflux)
 Soil water content
 N/A N/A
 Wind speed
 43.2 m
 Windmaster Pro Anemometer, 3-Axis
 Ultrasonic Anemometer (7900-415-50,
 Gill instruments Ltd, UK)
 Wind direction
 43.2 m
 Windmaster Pro Anemometer, 3-Axis
 Ultrasonic Anemometer (7900-415-50,
 Gill instruments Ltd, UK)
 Atmospheric pressure
 43.2 m
 Enclosed path CO2/H2O Analyzer
 (LI-7200, LI-COR Inc. USA)
 Precipitation 1.5 m
 Manual rain gauge bucket
 (NETA, 250 mm, 10 inch)
 CO2 concentration
 3, 14, 21, 40 m
 Closed path CO2 Analyzer (LI-8100, LI-
 COR Inc. USA)

 Fluxes of non-CO2 gases
 Gas CH4, N2O
 Method CH4 (Open Path CH4 analyzer LI-7700 LI-COR Inc. USA),
 N2O (Manual ground chamber based, using gas
 chromatograph - SRI® 8610C, USA)
 Measurement height
 CH4 (43.2m), N2O (measurements at peat surface)
 Data logger
 CH4 (LI-7550 Analyzer Interface Unit (AIU) LI-COR Inc. USA)
 Data storage
 Removable flash disk (APRO, Industrial Grade USB Flash
 Disk)
 Chamber size of N2O
 Volume: 6.750 cm3,
 Chamber Dimensions: 30cm (L) x 15cm (W) x 15cm (H)

 Other
 Soil respiration
 -
 Photosynthesis No
 Ecological Investigation
 Tree diameter at breast height, tree stand density, micro-
 topography, litter fall inputs, Bulk density, N, P, K and C
 concentrations
 Peat subsidence
 Manual subsidence poles using perforated 5cm diameter
 hollow PVC pipes, inserted vertically into the peat and
 anchored into underlying mineral subsoil, measurements
 frequency: Quarterly
 Groundwater level
 Automated groundwater level logger (Solinst Levelogger
 Model 3001), placed inside a perforated polyvinyl chloride
 (PVC) pipe, measurements frequency: 30 min.

 
Observation Period and Data Availability
 Measurement Period
 October 2016 to present
 Measurement Frequency
 Continuous
 (10Hz, 30 minutes averaged)
 Data Availability
 N/A

Contact
 Chandra Shekhar Deshmukh (Chandra_Deshmukh[at]aprilasia.com)
 Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL),
 Jl. Lintas Timur, Pangkalan Kerinci, Kabupaten Pelalawan
 Riau 28300, Indonesia

Infrastructure
 40m tall walk-up galvanized steal tower, Solar cell electrical power
 (DC), Accommodation (Solar battery house and Guest gazebo),
 Security house, Telecommunication signal available

Research Fund
 Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL)
 https://www.aprilasia.com/en/

Calibration Information
 Both enclosed-path (LI-7200) and closed-path (LI-8100)
 CO2 analyzers are calibrated every three months using ultra high-
 purity nitrogen as the zero-point gas for CO2 and reference gases
 with concentration of 396ppm CO2 in air (certified grade ± 1ppm)

Publication
 Deshmukh, C. S., Julius, D., Evans, C. D., Nardi, Susanto, A. P.,
 Page, S. E., Gauci, V., Lauren, A., Sabiham, S., Agus, F.,
 Asyhari, A., Kurnianto, S., Suardiwerianto, Y., & Desai, A. R. (2019)
 Impact of forest plantation on methane emissions from tropical
 peatland. Global Change Biology, 24(9),
 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15019

 Deshmukh, C. S., Julius, D., Desai, A. R., Asyhari, A., Page, S. E.,
 Nardi, Susanto, A. P., Nurholis, Hendrizal, M., Kurnianto, S.,
 Suardiwerianto, Y., Salam, Y. W., Agus, F., Astiani, D., Sabiham,
 S., Gauci, V. & Evans, C.D. (2021). Conservation slows down
 emission increase from a tropical peatland in Indonesia. Nature
 Geoscience,https://rdcu.be/cnL8u  

 or https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00785-2
 


 
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